Japan · Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), with the Veterinary Affairs Council · licensing
2552practice questions written to this syllabus
56subjects
Format
330 questions over 2 days in February: essential 50, A 80, B 80, C 60, D 60. Pass requires at least 70% on essential questions AND at least 60% of A+B+C+D.
Sections
Essential (必須): basics of practice about 30%, must-know items about 70%
A (学説): basics of practice and basic sciences
B (学説): hygiene and clinical
C and D (実地): case-based hygiene and clinical
Over the years
Pass rate: FY2020 83.2%, FY2022 69.9%, FY2025 68.4%. A new syllabus (出題基準) applies from the 78th exam (FY2026). A pre-clinical vetCBT (300 Q in 3 blocks of 70 min, from 2017) and vetOSCE grant 'Student Doctor' status.
Original questions written to this exam's published syllabus and pattern. Not past papers.
1. How many carpal bones are normally present in the ox?
7
8
6
5
Answer and working
C. 6
The ox carpus has radial, intermediate, ulnar and accessory bones proximally, and a fused second-and-third carpal and a fourth carpal distally: 6. The first carpal is absent. Seven is the dog (radial and intermediate fused) and 7-8 the horse.
Veterinary Gross Anatomy · Comparative osteology
2. A practitioner has to fix a liver biopsy of about 15 cm³ and wants to follow the recommendation of 20 volumes of fixative per volume of tissue. What is the minimum volume of 10% neutral buffered formalin needed?
315 mL
300 mL
150 mL
35 mL
Answer and working
B. 300 mL
Volume of fixative = 20 x tissue volume = 20 x 15 cm³ = 300 cm³ = 300 mL. 150 mL is the tenfold minimum (10 x 15), which is the absolute floor, not the stated recommendation; 35 mL comes from adding 20 and 15 instead of multiplying; 315 mL adds the tissue's own 15 mL to the fixative. Too little fixative leaves the centre of the tissue autolysed.
3. For each molecule of ATP hydrolysed, the sodium-potassium ATPase moves which ions?
3 sodium ions into the cell and 2 potassium ions out
3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions in
2 sodium ions out of the cell and 3 potassium ions in
1 sodium ion out and 1 potassium ion in
Answer and working
B. 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions in
The pump exports 3 Na+ and imports 2 K+ per ATP, so it moves one net positive charge out and is electrogenic. Reversing the numbers is the usual slip; a 1:1 exchange would be electroneutral.
Veterinary Physiology I: Body Fluids, Blood, Circulation, Respiration and Excretion · Cellular basis of physiology
4. Which cells of the gastric fundic glands secrete hydrochloric acid in mammals?
Chief (peptic) cells
G cells
Mucous neck cells
Parietal (oxyntic) cells
Answer and working
D. Parietal (oxyntic) cells
Parietal cells secrete H+ through the H+/K+ ATPase. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, not acid; G cells in the antrum secrete gastrin, which stimulates acid secretion but is not acid itself.
Veterinary Physiology II: Digestion, Muscle, Nerve, Endocrinology, Reproduction, Lactation, Growth and Climate · Digestion in monogastric animals
5. Lactose, the sugar of milk, is made of which two monosaccharides?
Glucose and fructose
Galactose and glucose
Glucose and glucose
Galactose and fructose
Answer and working
B. Galactose and glucose
Lactose is galactose beta-1,4 glucose. Glucose plus fructose is sucrose, and two glucose units form maltose.
Veterinary Biochemistry · Biomolecules and their interactions
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