South Korea · MAFRA exam committee; notice posted by QIA/APQA · licensing
350 MCQs with 5 options, 1 point each, one day (09:00-16:30, January). Pass requires at least 60% overall AND at least 40% in each subject.
Pass rate 95-98% (2026: 97.8%, mean 290.8/350). A 3-part reform (basic / theory / practical) was proposed but not enacted.
Official source: https://elaw.klri.re.kr/kor_service/lawViewMultiContent.do?hseq=67376
Original questions written to this exam's published syllabus and pattern. Not past papers.
1. The ribosomes of a bacterial cell sediment as:
B. 70S particles made of 30S and 50S subunits
Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, built from a 30S small and a 50S large subunit. Svedberg units are not additive, which is why 30S + 50S gives 70S and not 80S. The 80S (40S + 60S) ribosome belongs to eukaryotic cytoplasm, including fungi; 55S is the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. The difference is why aminoglycosides and macrolides can target bacteria selectively.
General Veterinary Microbiology · Bacterial structure
2. The 'missing self' principle describes how:
B. NK cells kill cells that have lost MHC class I expression
NK cells carry inhibitory receptors for self MHC class I; a virus-infected or tumour cell that down-regulates class I to escape CD8 T cells loses this inhibition and is killed. Cytotoxic T cells need class I to be present, the opposite situation.
Veterinary Immunology & Serology · Innate immunity
3. On sheep blood agar, a mastitis isolate shows an inner zone of complete clearing surrounded by a wider zone of incomplete haemolysis. Which organism is this classic for?
A. Staphylococcus aureus, through alpha- and beta-toxins
Many S. aureus strains produce double-zone haemolysis: alpha-toxin gives the inner complete zone and beta-toxin the outer incomplete zone. The CAMP factor of S. agalactiae causes no haemolysis on its own; it only enhances staphylococcal beta-toxin in the CAMP test. S. uberis is usually non-haemolytic or alpha-haemolytic.
Systematic Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology · Staphylococcus
4. Which statement about the genetic material of a virus is correct?
C. A virion carries either DNA or RNA, never both
A virus carries one type of nucleic acid only, DNA or RNA. 'Both DNA and RNA' tempts students who remember that a retrovirus makes DNA from RNA, but that DNA is made inside the cell after infection; the virion itself contains only RNA. Genomes may be single- or double-stranded, linear or circular, and in one piece or in segments.
Systematic Veterinary Virology · Virus structure
5. A lesion so characteristic that it identifies a single disease on its own is described as:
B. Pathognomonic
Pathognomonic lesions, such as Negri bodies in rabies, point to one disease. Idiopathic means cause unknown, iatrogenic means caused by treatment, and congenital means present at birth.
General Veterinary Pathology · Aetiology of disease
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