LAISHA · DRAVYAGUNA

Abhraka

अभ्रक

A sheet silicate, chiefly biotite — potassium magnesium iron aluminium silicate. Splits into thin elastic sheets.

Parthiva · mineral origin · Maharasa — the first of the eight

SHODHANA — NO MINERAL DRAVYA IS USED RAW

Heated red hot and quenched repeatedly in nirgundi swarasa, triphala kwatha or godugdha, then marana with a herbal bhavana over many puta. Abhraka bhasma is classically counted by the number of puta — shataputi is a hundred, sahasraputi a thousand.

Benefits & side effects

TRADITIONAL VIEW, WITH SAFETY LIMITS

What the texts say Abhraka does

What the evidence says. Characterisation studies of abhraka bhasma exist. Clinical evidence for efficacy is not established.

Side effects and limits

A properly made bhasma is the claim; whether commercial material is properly made is the question. Mica dust is a documented occupational lung hazard, which is a manufacturing risk rather than a dosing one.

Avoid or ask first: Unmarana'd or poorly made bhasma, in any circumstance.; Pregnancy, in the absence of safety data.

A traditional classification, not a recommendation. The full safety record is below.

Matra and anupana

AS THE CLASSICAL TEXTS AND THE API PRESCRIBE

Bhasma30–125 mg
AnupanaMadhu · Ghrita · Dugdha
KalaAdhobhakta

The puta count is not decoration: a low-puta bhasma has not lost its sheet structure and is a different material from a shataputi one.

Reported from Sharangadhara Samhita and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Laisha states what the texts prescribe; it does not recommend. No quantity here is adjusted for a particular person — not for agni, koshtha, bala, age, pregnancy, kidney or liver function, or anything already being taken.

Rasapanchaka

Rasa
MadhuraKashaya
Guna
SnigdhaGuru
ViryaSheeta
VipakaMadhura
DoshakarmaTridoshahara.

Karma and part used

RasayanaBalyaVrishyaYogavahiMedhya
Upayukta angaAbhraka bhasma

Paryaya

GaganaVyomaAmbaraAkasha

Abhraka is classed among the Maharasa — the first of the eight.

Names, by language

EnglishMica, biotite
HindiAbhrak
KannadaAbhraka

Classical references

Rasa Ratna Samuccaya
Chapter 2
First of the maharasa; gives the four varieties by colour and the puta counts.
Rasa Tarangini
Taranga 10
Shodhana, marana and the tests for a properly made bhasma.

Rasa, guna, virya, vipaka and karma are recorded as the classical texts give them, with the text and section named so a student can open the book and check.

Adulterants and substitutes

Raw mica powder is not abhraka bhasma and the difference is the entire preparation. Unmarana'd mica is inert at best and is a lung hazard as dust.

Identity

A sheet silicate, chiefly biotite — potassium magnesium iron aluminium silicate. Splits into thin elastic sheets.

A WAY TO REMEMBER IT

Abhraka is from abhra, a cloud — for the way the sheets separate like layered cloud. Mica is from the Latin micare, to glitter.

What the tradition holds

Abhraka is the first of the maharasa and abhraka bhasma is among the most used mineral preparations in Ayurveda, in rasayana and in kshaya.

Constituents. A sheet silicate, chiefly biotite — potassium magnesium iron aluminium silicate. Splits into thin elastic sheets.

What the evidence says

StatusCharacterisation studies of abhraka bhasma exist. Clinical evidence for efficacy is not established.
The honest gapMineral and animal dravya are far less studied than plant dravya, and what study exists is chiefly characterisation and toxicology rather than clinical efficacy.

Safety

A properly made bhasma is the claim; whether commercial material is properly made is the question. Mica dust is a documented occupational lung hazard, which is a manufacturing risk rather than a dosing one.

ContraindicationsUnmarana'd or poorly made bhasma, in any circumstance.
Pregnancy, in the absence of safety data.
InteractionsNo specific drug interaction is documented for this dravya. Bhasma preparations have not been studied for interaction.
Any drug taken at the same time — separate by two hours.
Pregnancy and breastfeedingNot established as safe. Avoid.

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What this is not

Sources

Rasa Ratna Samuccaya and Rasa Tarangini
National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage
The classical Rasashastra position: which group the dravya belongs to, its shodhana and marana, and the matra of the prepared form.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
The official Indian pharmacopoeial standing of the dravya and the identity of the prepared article.
https://pcimh.gov.in/
Classical matra by dose form
Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda
The classical quantity for each dose form, as the standard reference gives it.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esharangadhara/
Lead, mercury and arsenic in Ayurvedic medications
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The documented poisonings from Ayurvedic preparations containing heavy metals, reported by a health authority outside India, and the reason this entry states the hazard alongside the tradition.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
Monographs for mineral and animal-derived ingredients
Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate
A second regulator's position on the prepared ingredient, from a jurisdiction outside India.
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription/applications-submissions/product-licensing/compendium-monographs.html
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