मुक्ता
From Pearl oyster, Pinctada species
Jangama · animal origin
TRADITIONAL VIEW, WITH SAFETY LIMITS
Hindi name: Moti
What the texts say Mukta does
What the evidence says. No clinical evidence establishes an effect beyond its calcium content.
Side effects and limits
Calcium carbonate, chiefly. Among the least toxic of the mineral and animal dravya. The consideration is calcium load rather than toxicity.
Avoid or ask first: Hypercalcaemia.
A traditional classification, not a recommendation. The full safety record is below.
A Samhita can only be read forwards, from the group to its members. This is the same list read backwards.
AS THE CLASSICAL TEXTS AND THE API PRESCRIBE
| Bhasma or pishti | 125–250 mg |
| Anupana | Madhu · Ghrita · Dugdha |
| Kala | Adhobhakta |
Mukta pishti, levigated in rose water rather than calcined, is a distinct preparation and is the one used most in pitta conditions.
Reported from Sharangadhara Samhita and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Laisha states what the texts prescribe; it does not recommend. No quantity here is adjusted for a particular person — not for agni, koshtha, bala, age, pregnancy, kidney or liver function, or anything already being taken.
| Rasa | Madhura |
| Guna | SnigdhaLaghu |
| Virya | Sheeta |
| Vipaka | Madhura |
| Doshakarma | Pittahara. |
| Upayukta anga | Mukta bhasma, and mukta pishti, which is levigated rather than calcined |
Mukta is classed among the jangama dravya.
| English | Pearl |
| Hindi | Moti |
| Kannada | Muttu |
Rasa, guna, virya, vipaka and karma are recorded as the classical texts give them, with the text and section named so a student can open the book and check.
Cultured and imitation pearls are what the market largely supplies. Calcium carbonate from any shell is not mukta.
From Pearl oyster, Pinctada species. The pearl.
A WAY TO REMEMBER IT
Mukta means released or set free — the pearl is what is released from the shell. Margarita, the Greek and Latin for pearl, came in the other direction from an eastern word and gives us the name Margaret.
Mukta is among the ratna and is used in pitta conditions, in daha and in raktapitta, and in a number of well-known yogas.
Constituents. A product of Pearl oyster, Pinctada species.
| Status | No clinical evidence establishes an effect beyond its calcium content. |
| The honest gap | Mineral and animal dravya are far less studied than plant dravya, and what study exists is chiefly characterisation and toxicology rather than clinical efficacy. |
Calcium carbonate, chiefly. Among the least toxic of the mineral and animal dravya. The consideration is calcium load rather than toxicity.
| Contraindications | Hypercalcaemia. |
| Interactions | Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, levothyroxine and bisphosphonates — calcium carbonate binds them. Separate by two hours. Calcium supplements — additive load. |
| Pregnancy and breastfeeding | Not established as safe as a medicinal preparation. |