LAISHA · DRAVYAGUNA

Mukta

मुक्ता

From Pearl oyster, Pinctada species

Jangama · animal origin

Benefits & side effects

TRADITIONAL VIEW, WITH SAFETY LIMITS

Hindi name: Moti

What the texts say Mukta does

What the evidence says. No clinical evidence establishes an effect beyond its calcium content.

Side effects and limits

Calcium carbonate, chiefly. Among the least toxic of the mineral and animal dravya. The consideration is calcium load rather than toxicity.

Avoid or ask first: Hypercalcaemia.

A traditional classification, not a recommendation. The full safety record is below.

Stands in 1 group

A Samhita can only be read forwards, from the group to its members. This is the same list read backwards.

Matra and anupana

AS THE CLASSICAL TEXTS AND THE API PRESCRIBE

Bhasma or pishti125–250 mg
AnupanaMadhu · Ghrita · Dugdha
KalaAdhobhakta

Mukta pishti, levigated in rose water rather than calcined, is a distinct preparation and is the one used most in pitta conditions.

Reported from Sharangadhara Samhita and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Laisha states what the texts prescribe; it does not recommend. No quantity here is adjusted for a particular person — not for agni, koshtha, bala, age, pregnancy, kidney or liver function, or anything already being taken.

Rasapanchaka

Rasa
Madhura
Guna
SnigdhaLaghu
ViryaSheeta
VipakaMadhura
DoshakarmaPittahara.

Karma and part used

Daha prashamanaHridyaChakshushyaRasayanaBalya
Upayukta angaMukta bhasma, and mukta pishti, which is levigated rather than calcined

Paryaya

MuktaphalaShuktijaSauktikeya

Mukta is classed among the jangama dravya.

Names, by language

EnglishPearl
HindiMoti
KannadaMuttu

Classical references

Rasa Ratna Samuccaya
Chapter 4
Among the ratna; gives shodhana, marana and use.
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
Dhatvadi Varga
Rasa, guna and its pittahara action.

Rasa, guna, virya, vipaka and karma are recorded as the classical texts give them, with the text and section named so a student can open the book and check.

Adulterants and substitutes

Cultured and imitation pearls are what the market largely supplies. Calcium carbonate from any shell is not mukta.

Identity

From Pearl oyster, Pinctada species. The pearl.

A WAY TO REMEMBER IT

Mukta means released or set free — the pearl is what is released from the shell. Margarita, the Greek and Latin for pearl, came in the other direction from an eastern word and gives us the name Margaret.

What the tradition holds

Mukta is among the ratna and is used in pitta conditions, in daha and in raktapitta, and in a number of well-known yogas.

Constituents. A product of Pearl oyster, Pinctada species.

What the evidence says

StatusNo clinical evidence establishes an effect beyond its calcium content.
The honest gapMineral and animal dravya are far less studied than plant dravya, and what study exists is chiefly characterisation and toxicology rather than clinical efficacy.

Safety

Calcium carbonate, chiefly. Among the least toxic of the mineral and animal dravya. The consideration is calcium load rather than toxicity.

ContraindicationsHypercalcaemia.
InteractionsTetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, levothyroxine and bisphosphonates — calcium carbonate binds them. Separate by two hours.
Calcium supplements — additive load.
Pregnancy and breastfeedingNot established as safe as a medicinal preparation.

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What this is not

Sources

Rasa Ratna Samuccaya and Rasa Tarangini
National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage
The classical Rasashastra position: which group the dravya belongs to, its shodhana and marana, and the matra of the prepared form.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
The official Indian pharmacopoeial standing of the dravya and the identity of the prepared article.
https://pcimh.gov.in/
Classical matra by dose form
Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda
The classical quantity for each dose form, as the standard reference gives it.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esharangadhara/
Mineral fact sheets
National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements
The established physiology of the element, its upper intake level and its documented interactions with medicines.
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-all/
Monographs for mineral and animal-derived ingredients
Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate
A second regulator's position on the prepared ingredient, from a jurisdiction outside India.
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription/applications-submissions/product-licensing/compendium-monographs.html
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