LAISHA · DRAVYAGUNA

Nimbuka

निम्बुक

Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle

Rutaceae · Citrus

Benefits & side effects

TRADITIONAL VIEW, WITH SAFETY LIMITS

What the texts say Nimbuka does

What the evidence says. Traditional use is extensive and long recorded. Modern clinical evidence is limited.

Side effects and limits

Avoid or ask first: Acid dyspepsia and peptic ulcer, in medicinal quantity.

A traditional classification, not a recommendation. The full safety record is below.

Photographs

Matra and anupana

AS THE CLASSICAL TEXTS AND THE API PRESCRIBE

Swarasa5–10 ml
AnupanaSaindhava · Sharkara · Ushnodaka
KalaPragbhakta

Chiefly a deepana and an anupana in its own right.

Reported from Sharangadhara Samhita and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Laisha states what the texts prescribe; it does not recommend. No quantity here is adjusted for a particular person — not for agni, koshtha, bala, age, pregnancy, kidney or liver function, or anything already being taken.

Rasapanchaka

Rasa
Amla
Guna
LaghuTikshna
ViryaUshna
VipakaAmla
PrabhavaThe texts treat nimbuka as deepana and ruchya and name it where appetite and digestion have failed.
DoshakarmaKaphavatahara. Being amla and ushna it increases pitta.

A single rasa, amla, with ushna virya and amla vipaka — the standard example of amla rasa in teaching.

Karma and part used

DeepanaPachanaRuchyaChhardinigrahanaKrimighnaVatanulomana

These are the actions the classical texts record. They are statements about what the tradition holds, and this library does not restate them as findings about a human body.

Upayukta angaSwarasa (the juice)
Phala twak (the rind)
Why it mattersThe juice is the dravya most used. The rind is a separate article carrying the essential oil.

Paryaya

NimbuJambiraDantashathaLimpakaAmlasara

Dantashatha, tooth-blunting, is the paryaya a student should enjoy: the tradition named the sensation acid leaves on the teeth, which is also the modern caution about enamel.

Names, by language

EnglishLime
SinhalaDehi
NepaliKagati
HindiNimbu
KannadaNimbe
TamilElumichai
TeluguNimma
MalayalamCherunaranga
MarathiLimbu
GujaratiLimbu
BengaliLebu
PunjabiNimbu
OdiaLembu
UrduLimu

Classical references

Charaka Samhita
Sutrasthana, chapter 27 (Annapanavidhi)
Nimbuka is described among the fruits and named among the sour dravya.
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
Amradi Phala Varga
Gives the rasa, guna, virya and vipaka of nimbuka.
Sushruta Samhita
Sutrasthana, chapter 38 (Dravyasangrahaniya)
Included among the dravya grouped by action.

Rasa, guna, virya, vipaka and karma are recorded as the classical texts give them, with the text and section named so a student can open the book and check. Where an exact chapter and verse could not be confirmed, this library names the section rather than inventing a number.

Formulations it appears in

Nimbu SwarasaThe juice, used as a dravya and as a vehicle.
Hingvashtaka ChurnaUsed as a bhavana drava in preparing it, not as one of the eight dravya. The eight are Shunthi, maricha, pippali, ajamoda, saindhava lavana, shweta jiraka, krishna jiraka and hingu.
Bhavana with nimbu swarasaUsed to levigate many powders.

Adulterants and substitutes

Bottled lime juice is commonly diluted and preserved, and synthetic citric acid is sold as lime concentrate. For medicinal use the tradition means fresh juice, and a preserved product is a different article.

Identity

Matched live against the GBIF backbone on 28 September 2026 at 99 per cent confidence. Distinguished in the texts from Matulunga, the citron, and from Jambira, which is generally taken to be the lemon.

A WAY TO REMEMBER IT

Citrus, the citron. Aurantiifolia means orange-leaved — the leaf looks like an orange's. This is the lime.

What the tradition holds

Nimbuka is described in the Charaka Samhita among the fruits and in the Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. That is what the tradition holds and where it is written down, not a finding about what the juice does in a body.

Constituents. The juice carries citric acid and vitamin C. The rind carries an essential oil with limonene and furocoumarins.

What the evidence says

StatusTraditional use is extensive and long recorded. Modern clinical evidence is limited.
SuggestedHealth Canada publishes monographs covering Ayurvedic ingredients and permits specific traditional-use claims, which reflects a regulator accepting a documented tradition rather than a body of clinical trial evidence.
Not establishedThere is not enough good clinical evidence to establish an effect on any named health condition. Long traditional use is not a substitute for that evidence, and this library does not present it as one.
The honest gapPublished work concerns nutrition or the essential oil rather than the tradition's uses.

Safety

Food, with the same cautions as any citrus. The peel carries furocoumarins and handling it in sunlight causes phytophotodermatitis — streaked burns that are often mistaken for something else, and a documented seasonal injury among people who make lime pickle outdoors. The acid erodes tooth enamel and aggravates acidity and ulcers. Anyone on medication, pregnant, or managing a diagnosed condition should speak to a doctor or a qualified practitioner first.

Side effectsAcidity and heartburn
Tooth enamel erosion
Increased sensitivity of skin to sunlight after handling the peel
ContraindicationsAcid dyspepsia and peptic ulcer, in medicinal quantity.
InteractionsCitrus furanocoumarins inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, so the level of some co-administered drugs can rise. Lime is weaker than grapefruit but the mechanism is the same.
Pregnancy and breastfeedingOrdinary culinary use is long established. Medicinal quantities in pregnancy or breastfeeding should be discussed with a qualified practitioner first.
Phytophotodermatitis from the peelFurocoumarins in lime peel make skin highly sensitive to sunlight. Handling limes outdoors causes streaked burns that are frequently misdiagnosed, and it is a recognised seasonal injury.

Growing it

ClimateTropical and subtropical, frost-sensitive.
SoilWell-drained ground.
PlantingA small thorny tree, grown from cuttings or grafted.
HarvestFruit picked when full-sized and still green, or allowed to yellow.
What is not statedThis library has not verified region-specific spacing, variety and yield figures against a named agricultural authority for every growing country, and does not state them rather than guessing.

Check this page

Scan to open this page
https://laisha.ai/dravya/nimbuka
Print it and the code still works. It goes to this page and nowhere else.

What this is not

Sources

GBIF Backbone Taxonomy species-match record for Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) · read 2026-09-28
Confirming live, rather than from memory, the accepted botanical name and family behind the Sanskrit name.
https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Citrus%20aurantiifolia
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India — Nimbuka (Citrus aurantiifolia)
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India · read 2026-09-28
The official Indian pharmacopoeial standing of the dravya and the identity of the part used as the pharmacopoeial article.
https://pcimh.gov.in/
Compendium of Monographs — Natural Health Products
Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate · read 2026-09-28
A regulator outside India that publishes monographs covering Ayurvedic ingredients — used for the safety framing, and for the line between a permitted traditional-use claim and clinical evidence.
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription/applications-submissions/product-licensing/compendium-monographs.html
Classical matra by dose form
Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda
The classical quantity for each dose form, as the standard reference gives it. Sharangadhara is where Ayurveda's dose forms and their measures are set out, and it is what every Dravyaguna textbook reproduces.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esharangadhara/
← all dravya