LAISHA · DRAVYAGUNA

Palasha

पलाश

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.

Fabaceae · Butea

Benefits & side effects

TRADITIONAL VIEW, WITH SAFETY LIMITS

Hindi name: Dhak

What the texts say Palasha does

What the evidence says. Traditional use is extensive and long recorded. Modern clinical evidence is limited.

Side effects and limits

Avoid or ask first: Pregnancy.; Anyone trying to conceive, in light of the above.

A traditional classification, not a recommendation. The full safety record is below.

Stands in 4 groups

A Samhita can only be read forwards, from the group to its members. This is the same list read backwards.

Photographs

Matra and anupana

AS THE CLASSICAL TEXTS AND THE API PRESCRIBE

Beeja churna1–3 g
Pushpa kwatha50–100 ml
Niryasa0.5–1 g
AnupanaTakra · Ushnodaka
KalaPragbhakta

The SEED is the anthelmintic and is the part with the narrow matra; the gum is a stambhana.

Reported from Sharangadhara Samhita and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Laisha states what the texts prescribe; it does not recommend. No quantity here is adjusted for a particular person — not for agni, koshtha, bala, age, pregnancy, kidney or liver function, or anything already being taken.

Rasapanchaka

Rasa
KatuTiktaKashaya
Guna
LaghuRukshaSnigdha
ViryaUshna
VipakaKatu
PrabhavaThe texts name palasha beeja among the first dravya for krimi, and its action against worms is treated as prabhava.
DoshakarmaKaphavatahara. Being ushna it increases pitta.

Katu, tikta and kashaya with ushna virya and katu vipaka.

Karma and part used

KrimighnaDeepanaBhedanaVranaropanaRaktastambhana

These are the actions the classical texts record. They are statements about what the tradition holds, and this library does not restate them as findings about a human body.

Upayukta angaBeeja (the seed)
Pushpa (the flower)
Twak (the stem bark)
Niryasa (the gum, Kamarkas)
Why it mattersThe seed is the medicinal article and is used against worms. The flower, the bark and the red gum — Kamarkas — are separate articles with different uses.

Paryaya

KimshukaBrahmavrikshaRaktapushpaParnaYajniya

Kimshuka means what-parrot, from the flower's resemblance to a parrot's beak — the identification is in the name. Yajniya records its use in ritual; the wood is used for the sacred fire.

Names, by language

EnglishFlame of the forest
SinhalaKela
NepaliPalans
HindiDhak
KannadaMuttuga
TamilParasu
TeluguModuga
MalayalamPlasu
MarathiPalas
GujaratiKhakhro
BengaliPalash
PunjabiDhak
OdiaPalasa
UrduDhak

Classical references

Charaka Samhita
Sutrasthana, chapter 4 (Shadvirechanashatashritiya)
Palasha is named among the Krimighna dravya of the chapter.
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
Vatadi Varga
Gives the rasa, guna, virya and vipaka of palasha and describes the seed, flower, bark and gum separately.
Sushruta Samhita
Sutrasthana, chapter 38 (Dravyasangrahaniya)
Included among the dravya grouped by action.

Rasa, guna, virya, vipaka and karma are recorded as the classical texts give them, with the text and section named so a student can open the book and check. Where an exact chapter and verse could not be confirmed, this library names the section rather than inventing a number.

Formulations it appears in

Palasha Beeja ChurnaNamed for the seed.
Krimighna VatiPalasha seed is among the dravya.
KamarkasThe gum, used as a separate article.

Adulterants and substitutes

Butea superba and Butea parviflora are collected and sold under the same name. The gum, Kamarkas, is adulterated with cheaper gums and with resin, which is hard to see in a dried lump.

Identity

Matched live against the GBIF backbone on 28 September 2026 at 99 per cent confidence. The tree that turns whole forests orange in spring, and whose leaves are still stitched into plates across north India.

A WAY TO REMEMBER IT

Butea honours the Earl of Bute. Monosperma means one-seeded — the pod holds a single seed. Palasha is the flame of the forest.

What the tradition holds

Palasha is named among the Krimighna dravya in the Charaka Samhita and described in the Bhavaprakasha Nighantu with its several parts distinguished. That is what the tradition holds and where it is written down, not a finding about what the seed does in a body.

Constituents. The seed carries palasonin and proteinaceous material; the flower carries butein and butin, which give the orange dye.

What the evidence says

StatusTraditional use is extensive and long recorded. Modern clinical evidence is limited.
SuggestedHealth Canada publishes monographs covering Ayurvedic ingredients and permits specific traditional-use claims, which reflects a regulator accepting a documented tradition rather than a body of clinical trial evidence.
Not establishedThere is not enough good clinical evidence to establish an effect on any named health condition. Long traditional use is not a substitute for that evidence, and this library does not present it as one.
The honest gapPublished work is limited and rarely separates the seed from the other parts, which the tradition treats as distinct.

Safety

The seed is the strong part and it is not a gentle article. Taken in quantity it causes vomiting and digestive upset, and it has a documented action on fertility — palasonin has been studied for antifertility activity, which is why this entry does not treat it as neutral for anyone trying to conceive. Worm infection is also a laboratory diagnosis rather than a guess, and the wrong thing may be being treated. The flower and bark are milder. Anyone on medication, pregnant, or managing a diagnosed condition should speak to a doctor or a qualified practitioner first.

Side effectsNausea and vomiting
Digestive upset
Loose stool
ContraindicationsPregnancy.
Anyone trying to conceive, in light of the above.
InteractionsNo specific interaction is documented here. Anyone on regular medication should still tell their doctor what they are taking.
Pregnancy and breastfeedingNot to be used in pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Studied for an effect on fertilityPalasonin, a constituent of the seed, has been investigated for antifertility activity in animal studies. This is a reason for caution for anyone trying to conceive and one of the reasons pregnancy is contraindicated.

Growing it

ClimateTropical, in dry deciduous forest; extremely hardy.
SoilWide range including poor, dry and saline ground. A legume.
PlantingA tree, raised from seed.
HarvestFlowers collected in spring. Pods collected when dry and the single seed removed. Gum tapped from the bark.
What is not statedThis library has not verified region-specific spacing, variety and yield figures against a named agricultural authority for every growing country, and does not state them rather than guessing.

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What this is not

Sources

GBIF Backbone Taxonomy species-match record for Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) · read 2026-09-28
Confirming live, rather than from memory, the accepted botanical name and family behind the Sanskrit name.
https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Butea%20monosperma
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India — Palasha (Butea monosperma)
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India · read 2026-09-28
The official Indian pharmacopoeial standing of the dravya and the identity of the part used as the pharmacopoeial article.
https://pcimh.gov.in/
Compendium of Monographs — Natural Health Products
Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate · read 2026-09-28
A regulator outside India that publishes monographs covering Ayurvedic ingredients — used for the safety framing, and for the line between a permitted traditional-use claim and clinical evidence.
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription/applications-submissions/product-licensing/compendium-monographs.html
Classical matra by dose form
Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda
The classical quantity for each dose form, as the standard reference gives it. Sharangadhara is where Ayurveda's dose forms and their measures are set out, and it is what every Dravyaguna textbook reproduces.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esharangadhara/
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