LAISHA · DRAVYAGUNA

Rajata

रजत

Elemental silver, Ag. Rajata bhasma is chiefly silver sulphide and silver nanoparticles.

Parthiva · mineral origin · Dhatu

SHODHANA — NO MINERAL DRAVYA IS USED RAW

Heated and quenched in the same five liquids as swarna, then marana with parada and gandhaka.

Benefits & side effects

TRADITIONAL VIEW, WITH SAFETY LIMITS

Hindi name: Chandi

What the texts say Rajata does

What the evidence says. Silver's antimicrobial action is established for topical use. The classical internal claims are not.

Side effects and limits

Prolonged silver exposure causes argyria — an irreversible slate-grey discolouration of the skin. It is cosmetic rather than dangerous and it does not reverse.

Avoid or ask first: Prolonged uninterrupted use, because argyria does not reverse.

A traditional classification, not a recommendation. The full safety record is below.

Stands in 3 groups

A Samhita can only be read forwards, from the group to its members. This is the same list read backwards.

Matra and anupana

AS THE CLASSICAL TEXTS AND THE API PRESCRIBE

Bhasma30–125 mg
AnupanaMadhu · Ghrita
KalaAdhobhakta

Used in vatavyadhi and as a medhya, often paired with swarna in rasayana yogas.

Reported from Sharangadhara Samhita and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Laisha states what the texts prescribe; it does not recommend. No quantity here is adjusted for a particular person — not for agni, koshtha, bala, age, pregnancy, kidney or liver function, or anything already being taken.

Rasapanchaka

Rasa
AmlaKashayaMadhura
Guna
SnigdhaGuruSara
ViryaSheeta
VipakaMadhura
DoshakarmaVatapittahara.

Karma and part used

RasayanaMedhyaBalyaVrishya
Upayukta angaRajata bhasma

Paryaya

RoupyaChandraTaraShweta

Rajata is classed among the Dhatu.

Names, by language

EnglishSilver
HindiChandi
KannadaBelli

Classical references

Rasa Ratna Samuccaya
Chapter 5
Rajata among the dhatu, with shodhana and marana.
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
Dhatvadi Varga
Rasa, guna and its vatapittahara action.

Rasa, guna, virya, vipaka and karma are recorded as the classical texts give them, with the text and section named so a student can open the book and check.

Adulterants and substitutes

German silver — a copper-nickel-zinc alloy with no silver in it — is the commonest substitute.

Identity

Elemental silver, Ag. Rajata bhasma is chiefly silver sulphide and silver nanoparticles.

A WAY TO REMEMBER IT

Rajata is from raj, to shine — and is cognate with the Latin argentum, which gives silver its symbol Ag and Argentina its name.

What the tradition holds

Rajata bhasma is used in vatavyadhi, prameha and as a medhya rasayana.

Constituents. Elemental silver, Ag. Rajata bhasma is chiefly silver sulphide and silver nanoparticles.

What the evidence says

StatusSilver's antimicrobial action is established for topical use. The classical internal claims are not.
The honest gapMineral and animal dravya are far less studied than plant dravya, and what study exists is chiefly characterisation and toxicology rather than clinical efficacy.

Safety

Prolonged silver exposure causes argyria — an irreversible slate-grey discolouration of the skin. It is cosmetic rather than dangerous and it does not reverse.

ContraindicationsProlonged uninterrupted use, because argyria does not reverse.
InteractionsTetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and penicillamine — silver binds them and reduces absorption.
Levothyroxine — absorption reduced.
Pregnancy and breastfeedingNot established as safe. Avoid.

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What this is not

Sources

Rasa Ratna Samuccaya and Rasa Tarangini
National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage
The classical Rasashastra position: which group the dravya belongs to, its shodhana and marana, and the matra of the prepared form.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
The official Indian pharmacopoeial standing of the dravya and the identity of the prepared article.
https://pcimh.gov.in/
Classical matra by dose form
Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda
The classical quantity for each dose form, as the standard reference gives it.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esharangadhara/
Mineral fact sheets
National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements
The established physiology of the element, its upper intake level and its documented interactions with medicines.
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-all/
Lead, mercury and arsenic in Ayurvedic medications
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The documented poisonings from Ayurvedic preparations containing heavy metals, reported by a health authority outside India.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
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