LAISHA · DRAVYAGUNA

Shilajatu

शिलाजतु

A humified exudate from rock, not a single compound. Chiefly fulvic and humic acids with dibenzo-alpha-pyrones and trace minerals; composition varies by source.

Parthiva · mineral origin · Maharasa — as Adrija

SHODHANA — NO MINERAL DRAVYA IS USED RAW

Dissolved in hot water or a prescribed kwatha, filtered through cloth, and dried in sun. The purpose is to remove the sand, rock and organic debris it is embedded in.

Benefits & side effects

TRADITIONAL VIEW, WITH SAFETY LIMITS

Hindi name: Shilajit

What the texts say Shilajatu does

What the evidence says. Modern study is growing and is mostly small. Fulvic acid and dibenzo-alpha-pyrones are the constituents most studied. There is not enough good clinical evidence to establish an effect on any named condition.

Side effects and limits

Purified shilajatu is well tolerated. Unpurified and counterfeit material is where the harm lies: heavy metal contamination has been documented repeatedly in commercial samples, and that is a manufacturing problem, not a property of the dravya.

Avoid or ask first: Haemochromatosis and iron overload.; Gout and hyperuricaemia — raised uric acid is reported.; Unpurified material, in any circumstance.

A traditional classification, not a recommendation. The full safety record is below.

Stands in 1 group

A Samhita can only be read forwards, from the group to its members. This is the same list read backwards.

Matra and anupana

AS THE CLASSICAL TEXTS AND THE API PRESCRIBE

Shuddha250 mg – 1 g
AnupanaDugdha · Ushnodaka
KalaPragbhakta

Charaka's rasayana use is a course taken with milk, not a single dose. The classical prohibition on kulattha (horse gram) during a shilajatu course is genuine and is still taught.

Reported from Sharangadhara Samhita and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Laisha states what the texts prescribe; it does not recommend. No quantity here is adjusted for a particular person — not for agni, koshtha, bala, age, pregnancy, kidney or liver function, or anything already being taken.

Rasapanchaka

Rasa
TiktaKatuKashaya
Guna
LaghuRuksha
ViryaUshna
VipakaKatu
DoshakarmaTridoshahara, and kaphameda hara in particular.

Karma and part used

RasayanaYogavahiMedoharaMutralaBalya
Upayukta angaShuddha shilajatu

Paryaya

AdrijaGaireyaAshmajaShailadhatuja

Shilajatu is classed among the Maharasa — as Adrija.

Names, by language

EnglishMineral pitch / asphaltum
HindiShilajit
KannadaShilajitu

Classical references

Charaka Samhita
Chikitsasthana, chapter 1, pada 3
Treats shilajatu as a rasayana in its own pada and states there is no disease it cannot help when properly used.
Rasa Ratna Samuccaya
Chapter 2
Places it among the maharasa as Adrija and gives the four varieties by the metal of the rock.

Rasa, guna, virya, vipaka and karma are recorded as the classical texts give them, with the text and section named so a student can open the book and check.

Adulterants and substitutes

Widely faked. Material sold as shilajit is often a boiled mixture of humic substances, and analyses have repeatedly found lead, arsenic and mercury in unpurified commercial samples. Shodhana is not optional and is not what most sellers do.

Identity

A humified exudate from rock, not a single compound. Chiefly fulvic and humic acids with dibenzo-alpha-pyrones and trace minerals; composition varies by source.

A WAY TO REMEMBER IT

Shila-jatu is rock-lac, or rock-sweat — the substance that oozes from stone. It is the most literal name in the materia medica.

What the tradition holds

Charaka gives shilajatu a pada of the Rasayana chapter to itself, describing four varieties by the metal of the rock they exude from, and stating that taken properly it leaves no disease unaddressed. That is a traditional claim of a very high order and is recorded here as what the text says.

Constituents. A humified exudate from rock, not a single compound. Chiefly fulvic and humic acids with dibenzo-alpha-pyrones and trace minerals; composition varies by source.

What the evidence says

StatusModern study is growing and is mostly small. Fulvic acid and dibenzo-alpha-pyrones are the constituents most studied. There is not enough good clinical evidence to establish an effect on any named condition.
The honest gapMineral and animal dravya are far less studied than plant dravya, and what study exists is chiefly characterisation and toxicology rather than clinical efficacy.

Safety

Purified shilajatu is well tolerated. Unpurified and counterfeit material is where the harm lies: heavy metal contamination has been documented repeatedly in commercial samples, and that is a manufacturing problem, not a property of the dravya.

ContraindicationsHaemochromatosis and iron overload.
Gout and hyperuricaemia — raised uric acid is reported.
Unpurified material, in any circumstance.
InteractionsAntidiabetic medicines — a hypoglycaemic effect is reported.
Antihypertensives — additive lowering reported.
Iron supplements — shilajatu raises iron levels in studies; additive in haemochromatosis or iron overload.
Pregnancy and breastfeedingNot established as safe in pregnancy or breastfeeding, and the contamination risk of commercial material makes it a poor choice in either.

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What this is not

Sources

Rasa Ratna Samuccaya and Rasa Tarangini
National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage
The classical Rasashastra position: which group the dravya belongs to, its shodhana and marana, and the matra of the prepared form.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
The official Indian pharmacopoeial standing of the dravya and the identity of the prepared article.
https://pcimh.gov.in/
Classical matra by dose form
Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda
The classical quantity for each dose form, as the standard reference gives it.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esharangadhara/
Lead, mercury and arsenic in Ayurvedic medications
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The documented poisonings from Ayurvedic preparations containing heavy metals, reported by a health authority outside India, and the reason this entry states the hazard alongside the tradition.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
Monographs for mineral and animal-derived ingredients
Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate
A second regulator's position on the prepared ingredient, from a jurisdiction outside India.
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription/applications-submissions/product-licensing/compendium-monographs.html
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