LAISHA · DRAVYAGUNA

Snuhi

स्नुही

Euphorbia neriifolia L.

Euphorbiaceae · Euphorbia

Benefits & side effects

TRADITIONAL VIEW, WITH SAFETY LIMITS

Hindi name: Sehund

What the texts say Snuhi does

What the evidence says. Traditional use is extensive and long recorded. Modern clinical evidence is limited.

Side effects and limits

Avoid or ask first: Self-treatment, absolutely.; Internal use of raw or unpurified latex, by anyone.; Pregnancy and breastfeeding.; and more below.

A traditional classification, not a recommendation. The full safety record is below.

Stands in 1 group

A Samhita can only be read forwards, from the group to its members. This is the same list read backwards.

Photographs

Matra and anupana

AS THE CLASSICAL TEXTS AND THE API PRESCRIBE

Shodhita ksheera15–60 mg, specialist use only
AnupanaGhrita

Among the upavisha. The latex is a severe irritant and a drastic purgative; chiefly external, and internal use is specialist.

Reported from Sharangadhara Samhita and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Laisha states what the texts prescribe; it does not recommend. No quantity here is adjusted for a particular person — not for agni, koshtha, bala, age, pregnancy, kidney or liver function, or anything already being taken.

Rasapanchaka

Rasa
Katu
Guna
LaghuRukshaTikshna
ViryaUshna
VipakaKatu
PrabhavaThe texts treat snuhi ksheera as a strong bhedana and use it where a powerful purgative action is needed, always after purification and in very small quantity.
DoshakarmaKaphavatahara. It increases pitta strongly.

A single rasa, katu, with ushna virya and katu vipaka.

Karma and part used

BhedanaKrimighnaKushthaghnaShothaharaVishaghna

These are the actions the classical texts record. They are statements about what the tradition holds, and this library does not restate them as findings about a human body.

Upayukta angaKsheera (the latex), only after shodhana
Patra (the leaf)
Why it mattersThe latex is the article and it is never used raw or internally without purification. It is a caustic on skin and on the eye.

Paryaya

SudhaVajriSamantadugdhaSnukSehunda

Vajri, the thunderbolt one, names the ridged angular stem. Samantadugdha, milky all over, names the latex that runs from any cut.

Names, by language

EnglishIndian spurge tree
SinhalaPatuk
NepaliSiundi
HindiSehund
KannadaElekalli
TamilIlaikalli
TeluguAku jemudu
MalayalamIlakkalli
MarathiNivadunga
GujaratiThor
BengaliManasa
PunjabiThor
OdiaSiju
UrduZaqqum

Classical references

Sushruta Samhita
Sutrasthana, chapter 38 (Dravyasangrahaniya)
Snuhi is named among the dravya grouped by action.
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
Guduchyadi Varga
Gives the rasa, guna, virya and vipaka of snuhi and notes its caustic nature.
Charaka Samhita
Sutrasthana, chapter 4 (Shadvirechanashatashritiya)
Named among the dravya of the chapter.

Rasa, guna, virya, vipaka and karma are recorded as the classical texts give them, with the text and section named so a student can open the book and check. Where an exact chapter and verse could not be confirmed, this library names the section rather than inventing a number.

Formulations it appears in

Snuhi Ksheera preparationsThe purified latex, used in small quantity.
Kshara SutraSnuhi latex is used in preparing the medicated thread.
Snuhyadi TailaNamed for the dravya, used externally.

Adulterants and substitutes

Other Euphorbia species with similar angular stems are used interchangeably, and they vary in the strength of their latex. Because the plant is a free hedge plant there is little economic incentive to substitute; the risk is the plant itself rather than what replaces it.

Identity

Matched live against the GBIF backbone on 28 September 2026 at 99 per cent confidence. Classed among the upavisha. The latex is a caustic and is the reason this plant is planted as a living fence — cattle will not touch it.

A WAY TO REMEMBER IT

Euphorbia honours Euphorbus, physician to a Numidian king. Neriifolia means Nerium-leaved — the leaf looks like an oleander's. A cactus-like Euphorbia wearing an oleander's leaf.

What the tradition holds

Snuhi is described in the Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, where its caustic nature is noted. That is what the tradition holds and where it is written down, not a finding about what the latex does in a body.

Constituents. The latex carries diterpene esters of the phorbol type, which are the irritant principle and are also known tumour promoters in laboratory models.

What the evidence says

StatusTraditional use is extensive and long recorded. Modern clinical evidence is limited.
SuggestedNo claim of established clinical effect is made here. The modern literature on Euphorbia latex is largely about chemical burns and eye injury.
Not establishedThere is not enough good clinical evidence to establish an effect on any named health condition. Long traditional use is not a substitute for that evidence, and this library does not present it as one.
The honest gapPhorbol ester content varies by species and season and is not knowable without assay.

Safety

The latex burns. Splashed on skin it causes blistering, and in the eye it causes severe keratitis with cases of lasting visual loss recorded regularly across India — often in people cutting hedges or using it as a home remedy. Swallowed unpurified it causes violent purgation, vomiting and inflammation of the gut, and poisoning is documented. Phorbol esters in Euphorbia latex are also known tumour promoters in laboratory models, which is a reason this library does not present it as a casual remedy. It is used in Ayurveda in very small purified quantity under a practitioner and is not for self-treatment in any form. If latex enters an eye, wash with clean water and go to a hospital.

Side effectsSevere skin blistering on contact
Burning of the mouth and gut
Violent purgation
ContraindicationsSelf-treatment, absolutely.
Internal use of raw or unpurified latex, by anyone.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Children.
Any use near the eyes.
InteractionsAny medicine taken by mouth — violent purgation reduces absorption.
Medicines for the heart, particularly digoxin — potassium loss raises the risk.
Pregnancy and breastfeedingNot to be used in pregnancy or breastfeeding in any quantity or form.
The latex injures eyesEuphorbia latex splashed into the eye causes severe keratitis and cases of lasting visual loss are recorded regularly in Indian ophthalmology literature, frequently from hedge-cutting and from home remedy use. Immediate washing and hospital care are the response.
Phorbol estersThe diterpene esters in Euphorbia latex are irritants and are known tumour promoters in laboratory models. This is a reason for the narrow, practitioner-only framing of this entry.

Growing it

ClimateDry tropical; planted as a living fence across India.
SoilPoor, dry, well-drained ground.
PlantingGrown from stem cuttings, which root readily.
HarvestLatex is collected from cut stems with protection, and purified before any use.
What is not statedThis library has not verified region-specific spacing, variety and yield figures against a named agricultural authority for every growing country, and does not state them rather than guessing.

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What this is not

Sources

GBIF Backbone Taxonomy species-match record for Euphorbia neriifolia L.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) · read 2026-09-28
Confirming live, rather than from memory, the accepted botanical name and family behind the Sanskrit name.
https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Euphorbia%20neriifolia
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India — Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia L.)
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India · read 2026-09-28
The official Indian pharmacopoeial standing of the dravya and the identity of the part used as the pharmacopoeial article.
https://pcimh.gov.in/
Compendium of Monographs — Natural Health Products
Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate · read 2026-09-28
A regulator outside India that publishes monographs covering Ayurvedic ingredients — used for the safety framing, and for the line between a permitted traditional-use claim and clinical evidence.
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription/applications-submissions/product-licensing/compendium-monographs.html
Classical matra by dose form
Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda
The classical quantity for each dose form, as the standard reference gives it. Sharangadhara is where Ayurveda's dose forms and their measures are set out, and it is what every Dravyaguna textbook reproduces.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esharangadhara/
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