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Original questions written to this exam's published syllabus and pattern. Not past papers.
1. How should a hacksaw blade be fitted in its frame?
With the teeth pointing away from the handle, because it cuts on the forward stroke
With the teeth pointing towards the handle, because it cuts on the pulling stroke
Either way round, because a hacksaw blade is made to cut equally on both strokes
With the teeth facing upwards, so that chips fall clear of the cut while sawing
Answer and working
A. With the teeth pointing away from the handle, because it cuts on the forward stroke
A hand hacksaw cuts on the push (forward) stroke, so the teeth point away from the handle and pressure is relieved on the return. Teeth towards the handle is the arrangement of a pull saw, not a standard hacksaw; the blade is not symmetrical and does not cut both ways.
Workshop Technology & Manufacturing · Fitting, carpentry and smithy
2. Normal tension of a tape is the pull at which
the sag correction becomes zero
the tape is stretched just to its elastic limit under load
the temperature correction is cancelled
pull and sag effects cancel
Answer and working
D. pull and sag effects cancel
At normal tension the positive elongation due to pull above the standard exactly offsets the negative sag correction, so a suspended tape reads true without correction: Pn = 0.204 W√(AE)/√(Pn − P0). Sag never becomes zero at any finite pull, and temperature is independent of pull.
Surveying & Levelling · Chain and tape surveying, including tape corrections
3. Which chemical weathering reaction converts feldspars and other primary silicates into clay minerals while releasing bases?
Hydrolysis
Hydration
Oxidation
Carbonation
Answer and working
A. Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis, the reaction of silicate minerals with water (H⁺ and OH⁻), breaks feldspars and micas down to clays such as kaolinite and releases K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. Oxidation mainly affects iron-bearing minerals and gives red and yellow colours; carbonation dissolves carbonates rather than forming clay.
Soil Science for Engineers · Soil formation and profile
4. A soap bubble 40 mm in diameter is made from a solution with surface tension 0.04 N/m. What is the excess of pressure inside the bubble over the outside?
16.0 Pa
2.00 Pa
4.00 Pa
8.00 Pa
Answer and working
D. 8.00 Pa
A soap bubble has two surfaces, so Δp = 8σ/d = 8 × 0.04/0.04 = 8.00 Pa. 4σ/d = 4.00 Pa is the result for a liquid droplet (one surface); 2σ/d is for a cylindrical jet; using the radius in 8σ/d gives 16.0 Pa.
Fluid Mechanics & Open Channel Hydraulics · Properties of fluids
5. A deposit consists of two layers of equal thickness with permeabilities of 1 × 10⁻³ cm/s and 1 × 10⁻⁵ cm/s. What is the ratio of equivalent horizontal to equivalent vertical permeability?
25.5
100.0
1.0
51.0
Answer and working
A. 25.5
kh = (k1 + k2)/2 = 5.050e-04 cm/s. kv = 2/(1/k1 + 1/k2) = 2/(1000 + 100000) = 1.980e-05 cm/s. kh/kv = 25.5. 100 is simply k1/k2, which is not the ratio of the equivalent values. 51.0 forgets the 2 in the harmonic mean, taking kv = 1/(1/k1 + 1/k2) = 9.90e-06 cm/s.
Soil Mechanics · Permeability
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