UGC NET — Environmental Sciences

India · National Testing Agency for UGC · specialist · unverified source

25practice questions written to this syllabus
3subjects

Format

Unverified. UGC NET is generally a two-paper computer-based test: Paper 1 (teaching and research aptitude) and Paper 2 (subject).

Sections

Over the years

Unverified. There is no UGC NET forestry subject; forestry postgraduates aiming at university posts outside the ICAR system often take Environmental Sciences. Confirm the subject code and syllabus on the NTA site.

Official source: https://ugcnet.nta.ac.in/

Subjects this exam draws on

Forest Types, Phytogeography & World Biomes3 questionsRemote Sensing & Photogrammetry for Forestry5 questionsLandscape Ecology & Forest Ecosystem Modelling17 questions

Five practice questions, worked

Original questions written to this exam's published syllabus and pattern. Not past papers.

1. Under FAO's definition, forest is land of more than 0.5 ha with trees taller than 5 m and canopy cover of more than:

  1. 40 per cent
  2. 10 per cent
  3. 70 per cent
  4. 1 per cent
Answer and working

B. 10 per cent

FAO uses >0.5 ha, trees >5 m and canopy >10%, not predominantly agricultural or urban.

Forest Types, Phytogeography & World Biomes · World biomes: boreal, temperate, Mediterranean, tropical moist and dry forests

2. High near-infrared reflectance of a green leaf is caused mainly by:

  1. Scattering in the spongy mesophyll
  2. Absorption of NIR energy by chlorophyll pigments
  3. Reflection of NIR from the waxy cuticle alone
  4. Heat emission
Answer and working

A. Scattering in the spongy mesophyll

Light is scattered at cell wall–air space boundaries; it is a structural, not a pigment, effect.

Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry for Forestry · Electromagnetic spectrum and spectral signatures of vegetation

3. A woodlot left standing after the surrounding forest was cleared for farming is which type of patch?

  1. Disturbance patch
  2. Remnant patch
  3. Introduced patch
  4. Environmental resource patch
Answer and working

B. Remnant patch

Remnant patches are survivors of a former, more extensive cover. A disturbance patch is created by an event such as fire within a matrix; an introduced patch is planted or built.

Landscape Ecology & Forest Ecosystem Modelling · Landscape structure: patches, corridors, matrix

4. Which is a recognised risk of habitat corridors?

  1. They always reduce gene flow between the populations they link
  2. They prevent any animal from crossing roads
  3. They increase the size of every connected patch
  4. They could spread fire, disease or invasive species
Answer and working

D. They could spread fire, disease or invasive species

Corridors can conduct unwanted spread as well as desired movement; narrow ones may also act as edge-dominated traps.

Landscape Ecology & Forest Ecosystem Modelling · Connectivity and corridor design

5. Herbarium records of a tree cluster along roads. If uncorrected, an SDM is likely to:

  1. Underestimate suitability near roads
  2. Confuse sampling bias with habitat preference
  3. Become immune to spatial autocorrelation
  4. Produce an AUC of exactly 0.5
Answer and working

B. Confuse sampling bias with habitat preference

Bias in where people collect is modelled as if it were environment; background points with the same bias reduce the problem.

Landscape Ecology & Forest Ecosystem Modelling · Species distribution modelling

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