LAISHA · DRAVYAGUNA

Padma

पद्म

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.

Nelumbonaceae · Nelumbo

Benefits & side effects

TRADITIONAL VIEW, WITH SAFETY LIMITS

Hindi name: Kamal

What the texts say Padma does

What the evidence says. Traditional use is long recorded. Modern clinical evidence is limited.

Side effects and limits

The rhizome and seed are ordinary foods across Asia and the flower parts are in long medicinal use, with no significant toxicity recorded. Lotus is grown in ponds and paddies and takes up what is in the water, so heavy-metal uptake from contaminated water is the practical sourcing concern. Anyone pregnant, on medication or managing a diagnosed condition should speak to a doctor or a qualified practitioner first.

Avoid or ask first: No absolute contraindication is documented here. This is written deliberately rather than left blank.

A traditional classification, not a recommendation. The full safety record is below.

Stands in 7 groups

A Samhita can only be read forwards, from the group to its members. This is the same list read backwards.

Photographs

Matra and anupana

AS THE CLASSICAL TEXTS AND THE API PRESCRIBE

Keshara churna1–3 g
Kwatha50–100 ml
AnupanaMadhu · Sheetajala
KalaAdhobhakta

The stamens for the haemostatic action; the other parts are used separately.

Reported from Sharangadhara Samhita and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Laisha states what the texts prescribe; it does not recommend. No quantity here is adjusted for a particular person — not for agni, koshtha, bala, age, pregnancy, kidney or liver function, or anything already being taken.

Rasapanchaka

Rasa
MadhuraKashayaTikta
Guna
LaghuSnigdhaPicchila
ViryaSheeta
VipakaMadhura
PrabhavaPadma is named across the bleeding, burning and thirst groups, and Padmakeshara in particular is the classical haemostatic of the Priyangvadi and Ambashthadi ganas.
DoshakarmaKaphapittahara.

Madhura, kashaya and tikta with sheeta virya and madhura vipaka. It sits with chandana and ushira among the cooling dravya.

Karma and part used

RaktastambhanaDaha prashamanaTrishna nigrahanaVarnyaHridya

These are the actions the classical texts record. They are statements about what the tradition holds, and this library does not restate them as findings about a human body.

Upayukta angaPushpa (the flower)
Keshara (the stamens)
Why it mattersThe texts use the parts separately: Padmakeshara is the stamens, Padma bija the seed, Bisa the rhizome. A formula naming one does not mean another.

Paryaya

KamalaPankajaSarasijaAravindaNalina

Nalina is listed as a separate member in some gana lists, which suggests the compilers meant a distinct article - probably the leaf or the stalk.

Names, by language

EnglishLotus
HindiKamal
KannadaTavare
TamilKamal
TeluguKamal
MalayalamKamal
MarathiKamal
GujaratiKamal
BengaliKamal
OdiaKamal
UrduKamal

Classical references

Charaka Samhita
Sutrasthana, chapter 4 (Shadvirechanashatashritiya)
Named among the Shonitasthapana, the Purishasangrahaniya and the Mutravirajaniya mahakashaya.
Sushruta Samhita
Sutrasthana, chapter 38 (Dravyasangrahaniya)
Heads the Utpaladi gana, and Padmakeshara is named in the Priyangvadi and Ambashthadi ganas.
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
Pushpa Varga
Gives the rasa, guna, virya and vipaka, and distinguishes the parts.

Formulations it appears in

Pushyanuga ChurnaPadmakeshara is among the principal dravya.
ChandanasavaAn ingredient.
Kumkumadi TailaAn ingredient.

Adulterants and substitutes

The stamens of Nymphaea species are sold as Padmakeshara and are a different genus; the lists name them separately as Utpala and Kumuda precisely because they are not the same. Saffron is sometimes bulked with lotus stamens, which is the substitution running the other way.

Identity

Nelumbo nucifera, the sacred lotus, which is not a water lily - Nymphaea species are Utpala, Kumuda and Saugandhika and are named separately in the same gana lists.

A WAY TO REMEMBER IT

Nelumbo is from the Sinhala nelumbu. Nucifera means nut-bearing, for the seed. Padma is among the oldest words in the language and names the flower, a number, a colour and a posture.

What the tradition holds

Padma is named across the Shonitasthapana, Purishasangrahaniya and Mutravirajaniya mahakashaya and heads Sushruta's Utpaladi gana. That is what the tradition records and where.

What the evidence says

StatusTraditional use is long recorded. Modern clinical evidence is limited.
SuggestedThe dravya holds a pharmacopoeial monograph in India, which records an accepted identity and quality standard for the article. That is a standard for the material, not evidence of an effect in a body.
Not establishedThere is not enough good clinical evidence to establish an effect on any named health condition. Long traditional use is not a substitute for that evidence, and this library does not present it as one.
The honest gapPublished work on this dravya rarely records the origin or the standard of the material tested, so results cannot be attributed to a defined article.

Safety

The rhizome and seed are ordinary foods across Asia and the flower parts are in long medicinal use, with no significant toxicity recorded. Lotus is grown in ponds and paddies and takes up what is in the water, so heavy-metal uptake from contaminated water is the practical sourcing concern. Anyone pregnant, on medication or managing a diagnosed condition should speak to a doctor or a qualified practitioner first.

ContraindicationsNo absolute contraindication is documented here. This is written deliberately rather than left blank.
InteractionsNo specific drug interaction is documented for this dravya. That is the honest state of the evidence, not a statement that none exists — most Ayurvedic dravya have never been studied for interaction with modern medicines at all.
Pregnancy and breastfeedingThe rhizome and seed are ordinary foods with no documented harm. The medicinal use of the flower parts has not been formally assessed in pregnancy.

Growing it

Grown as a crop: how to grow lotus, from sowing to harvest, in Laisha's grow guides.

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What this is not

Sources

GBIF Backbone Taxonomy species-match record for Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) · read 2026-09-29
The accepted botanical name and family standing behind the Sanskrit name.
https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Nelumbo%20nucifera%20Gaertn.
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I
Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India · read 2026-09-29
The official Indian pharmacopoeial standing of the dravya and which part is the pharmacopoeial article.
https://pcimh.gov.in/
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
Bhavaprakasha Nighantu · read 2026-09-29
The rasa, guna, virya and vipaka as the nighantu gives them.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ebnighantu/
Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda — the matra of the kalpanas
Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda · read 2026-09-29
The classical quantity for each preparation, cited to where the number comes from.
https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esharangadhara/
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