Forestry Engineer (산림기사) national technical qualification · South Korea · Korea Forest Service and the national technical qualification system (Q-Net)
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersWeather and climate as they shape forest distribution, growth and hazards: radiation, temperature, moisture and wind, inside and above the canopy.
In the exams: Background to IFoS silviculture (site factors) and fire topics; ICAR AICE-JRF 59 Unit 2 (climatic site factors) and Unit 12
How our questions for Forestry Engineer national technical qualification spread across the units of Forest Meteorology & Climatology. Difficulty: 8 easy, 16 medium, 1 hard.
| Wind and windthrow | 4 | |
| Weather instruments and forest weather stations | 4 | |
| Temperature, frost and heat regimes | 3 | |
| Humidity and evapotranspiration | 3 | |
| Fire weather and fire danger indices | 3 | |
| Atmosphere, radiation balance and energy budget | 2 | |
| Precipitation, interception and fog drip | 2 | |
| Forest microclimate and edge effects | 2 | |
| Climate classification (Köppen, Holdridge life zones) | 2 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Using a lapse rate of 6.5 °C per km, if mean temperature is 25 °C at 500 m, what is it at 2500 m?
A. 12 °C
Difference 2 km × 6.5 = 13 °C; 25 − 13 = 12 °C. 18.5 uses only 1 km; 5.4 uses the dry adiabatic rate.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
How does retaining a shelterwood canopy protect regenerating seedlings from radiation frost?
C. It reduces longwave heat loss from the ground to the sky
The canopy absorbs and re-emits longwave radiation, so the ground cools less on clear nights.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
Where should a rain gauge be sited in a forested area to measure open-area rainfall?
B. In a large clearing or on a tower
Obstacles should be at a distance of at least two to four times their height; under-canopy gauges measure throughfall.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
Relative humidity is usually lowest at what time of day?
D. Mid-afternoon
RH falls as temperature rises because saturation vapour pressure rises; it is highest near dawn.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
A large difference between dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures indicates:
A. Dry air
Evaporation cools the wet bulb more in dry air; zero depression means saturation.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
A spruce is 25 m tall with a diameter at breast height of 25 cm. What is its height-to-diameter (slenderness) ratio?
C. 100
Both in metres: 25/0.25 = 100. 1 compares metres with centimetres; 625 multiplies.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
Which climate pattern is associated with severe fire seasons in Indonesia and Australia?
B. El Niño
El Niño brings drought to the Maritime Continent and eastern Australia.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
Temperature and humidity sensors in a standard screen are mounted at what height above the ground?
B. About 1.25–2 m
WMO guidance sets 1.25–2 m over short grass; wind is measured at 10 m.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
What are the dimensions of a standard Class A evaporation pan?
C. About 121 cm diameter and 25 cm deep
The Class A pan is about 120.7 cm in diameter and 25.4 cm deep, on a wooden platform.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
Fire weather stations feeding the Canadian FWI System take their daily observations at:
D. Noon local standard time
The FWI System is calibrated to noon LST observations; consistency of timing is essential.
Further reading: See the manual sources: Oke; Monteith and Unsworth; Bonan; FAO-56; WMO-No. 8; Van Wagner 1987; Holdridge 1967
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