Charaka groups dravya by what they do, ten to a group. Sushruta groups them by what they are and where they grow. Practice uses a third set of named groups that belong to neither list. All 93 are here, with every member resolved against Laisha's dravya library where one exists.
Charaka's fifty mahakashaya
Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthana 4 (Shadvirechanashatashritiya)
Grouped by karma — what the ten drugs do in common. Every group holds exactly ten.
Sushruta's thirty-seven ganas
Sushruta Samhita, Sutrasthana 38 (Dravyasangrahaniya)
Grouped by shared nature and habitat, and named for the first drug in the group. Sizes are unequal, from three to twenty-nine.
VidarigandhadiVata disorders and the wasting states · 20AragvadhadiKapha, poisoning, and wound cleansing · 20VarunadiKapha, fat, and the head · 20ViratarvadiUrinary disease and Vata in the bladder · 17SalasaradiPrameha, obesity, and skin disease · 23RodhradiKapha, fat, and the complexion · 13ArkadiKapha, fat, poison, and worms · 13SurasadiKapha, worms, cough and breathlessness · 21MushkakadiPrameha, piles, gravel and jaundice · 10PippalyadiAgni, Kapha, and the digestive disorders · 22EladiVata and Kapha, poison, and itching · 29VachadiAma, and the cleansing of breast milk · 6HaridradiKapha and the skin · 5ShyamadiPurgation, poison, and retained Vata · 18BrihatyadiAgni, bladder and the urinary passage · 5PatoladiPitta, Kapha, fever, and vomiting · 7KakolyadiPitta, bleeding, and the building of tissue · 18UshakadiPrameha, gravel, piles, and the hard swelling · 6SarivadiThirst, burning, and Pitta fever · 8AnjanadiBleeding, burning, and poison · 9ParushakadiVata, thirst, and the urinary passage · 10PriyangvadiBleeding, Pitta, and the burning states · 13AmbashthadiWound healing and the binding of stool · 11NyagrodhadiWounds, burns, Pitta, and Prameha · 23GuduchyadiFever, thirst, vomiting and burning · 5UtpaladiPitta, bleeding, thirst and poison · 7MustadiCleansing breast milk, Kapha, and the vagina · 16TriphalaThe three fruits · 3TrikatuThe three pungents · 3AmalakyadiFever, and the kindling of agni · 4TrapvadiThe metals, for the eyes, poison and Prameha · 7LakshadiWorms, itching, and the skin · 11Laghu PanchamulaThe lesser five roots · 5Brihat PanchamulaThe greater five roots · 5Valli PanchamulaThe five creeper roots · 5Kantaka PanchamulaThe five thorny roots · 5Trina PanchamulaThe five grass roots · 5 Dashamula is not a separate gana. It is Laghu and Brihat Panchamula taken together, ten roots, which is why counting the groups here gives thirty-seven and not thirty-eight.
Named sets in daily use
Sharangadhara Samhita, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and the later nighantus
The groupings practice and the nighantus use, rather than the two Samhita systems. Sizes are fixed by the name itself - ashta is eight, pancha is five - which is why a set that arrives short is detectable.
These are not Charaka's mahakashaya or Sushruta's ganas. They are recorded separately because a student asked for Ashtavarga in a mahakashaya list would not find it, and concluding it was not held would be wrong.