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ICAR-IASRI MSc and PhD Data Analysis with Statistical Software & Reproducible Research: practice questions

ICAR-IASRI MSc and PhD (Agricultural Statistics, Computer Application, Bioinformatics) · India · ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute with the IARI Graduate School

Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papers
10worked here, free
30written to this exam in this subject
9syllabus units

What this subject covers

Running real analyses in R, SAS, SPSS, Python and Genstat: importing and managing agricultural data, running designed-experiment, survey and genetics analyses, checking outputs, and making the work reproducible with scripts, literate documents and version control. Includes spreadsheet analysis tools that AIEEA-PG names.

In the exams: AIEEA-PG Group 07 'Excel data analysis tools, correlation and regression, t-test and one-way ANOVA' (heavy); AICE-JRF Ag Stat (applied); SAS certifications (heavy)

Where the 30 questions fall

How our questions for ICAR-IASRI MSc and PhD spread across the units of Data Analysis with Statistical Software & Reproducible Research. Difficulty: 13 easy, 16 medium, 1 hard.

R for designed experiments: aov, lm, emmeans and agricolae4
Data management: cleaning, validation and metadata4
Literate programming: R Markdown, Quarto and notebooks4
Web-based statistical computing portals for agricultural researchers4
Spreadsheets: statistical functions and data-analysis tools3
SPSS and point-and-click tools: uses and limits3
Genstat and specialist software for agricultural research3
Version control with Git3
Survey analysis software: design-based estimation with weights2

10 practice questions, worked

Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.

1 · Spreadsheets: statistical functions and data-analysis tools · easy

A one-way ANOVA has SS between = 40 on 3 df and SS within = 120 on 16 df. The F statistic is:

  1. 0.33
  2. 1.78
  3. 3.00
  4. 13.33
Answer and working

B. 1.78

MSB = 13.33, MSW = 7.5, F = 13.33/7.5 ≈ 1.78; 0.33 is SSB/SSW.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

2 · R for designed experiments: aov, lm, emmeans and agricolae · easy

In R, which formula fits a randomised complete block model?

  1. yield ~ block + variety
  2. yield ~ block * variety + Error(variety)
  3. variety ~ yield + block
  4. yield ~ 1
Answer and working

A. yield ~ block + variety

Blocks and treatments enter additively; the interaction is the error in an RCBD.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

3 · R for designed experiments: aov, lm, emmeans and agricolae · easy

After fitting a model in R, residuals plotted against fitted values are used to check:

  1. The number of factors
  2. Unequal variance or curvature
  3. The seed
  4. The p-value
Answer and working

B. Unequal variance or curvature

A funnel shape suggests variance increasing with the mean.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

4 · SPSS and point-and-click tools: uses and limits · easy

Value labels in a menu package's data editor are used to:

  1. Encrypt the data so others cannot read them
  2. Change the data type to text
  3. Delete missing values
  4. Label numeric codes
Answer and working

D. Label numeric codes

For example, 1 = male, 2 = female.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

5 · Genstat and specialist software for agricultural research · medium

Design-generation software for variety trials typically produces:

  1. Survey questionnaires
  2. Git repositories
  3. Alpha and row–column designs
  4. Spreadsheets of prices
Answer and working

C. Alpha and row–column designs

Efficient incomplete-block layouts for many entries.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

6 · Data management: cleaning, validation and metadata · medium

A consistency check would flag a record in which:

  1. Yield is 4.2 t/ha
  2. A plot has a unique ID
  3. Height is in centimetres
  4. Harvest date precedes sowing date
Answer and working

D. Harvest date precedes sowing date

Relationships between variables must make sense.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

7 · Data management: cleaning, validation and metadata · medium

For long-term archiving, data are best stored as:

  1. A proprietary binary file only, without documentation
  2. Screenshots of tables
  3. UTF-8 CSV with a README
  4. Printed sheets only
Answer and working

C. UTF-8 CSV with a README

Open formats remain readable as software changes.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

8 · Literate programming: R Markdown, Quarto and notebooks · easy

Literate programming was proposed by:

  1. Ronald Fisher
  2. Donald Knuth
  3. John Tukey
  4. Gertrude Cox
Answer and working

B. Donald Knuth

Knuth described it in 1984.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

9 · Web-based statistical computing portals for agricultural researchers · medium

Before uploading unpublished data to an external portal, a researcher should check:

  1. The font of the website
  2. The number of other users
  3. The portal's logo
  4. The service's data policy
Answer and working

D. The service's data policy

Confidential data need acceptable protection.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

10 · Web-based statistical computing portals for agricultural researchers · medium

Some portals also generate:

  1. Randomised layouts for new experiments
  2. Field fertiliser
  3. Survey interviews
  4. Git branches
Answer and working

A. Randomised layouts for new experiments

Randomisation tools support correct design.

Further reading: Welham et al., Statistical Methods in Biology (2015); Littell et al., SAS for Mixed Models (2006); Lumley, Complex Surveys (2010); Chacon and Straub, Pro Git (2014)

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Read the subject

Data Analysis with Statistical Software & Reproducible ResearchThe full study manual, free ICAR-IASRI MSc and PhDFormat, sections and how it has changed

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