CUET-PG — Environmental Sciences · India · National Testing Agency
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersThe food system from input to plate to waste: sustainable diets, food loss and waste, food environments and the transformation agenda. Post-harvest and processing technology are in the Food Technology and Agricultural Engineering tracks; this subject frames them as sustainability levers.
In the exams: MSc sustainable food systems programmes; SDG 2 and 12 topics in UPSC CSE and UGC NET Unit 10
UGC NET Environmental Sciences (Unit 10 contemporary issues) and CUET-PG
Definitions (food system, food security, food loss vs waste), footprints of foods, packaging trade-offs and indicator names; mostly recall with simple arithmetic.
How our questions for CUET-PG spread across the units of Sustainable Food Systems, Diets & Food Loss. Difficulty: 16 easy, 3 medium, 1 hard.
| Food system frameworks and drivers | 3 | |
| Food loss and food waste: definitions and measurement | 3 | |
| Environmental footprints of different foods | 2 | |
| Sustainable and healthy diets: planetary health diet and critiques | 2 | |
| Packaging and its trade-offs | 2 | |
| Food security, nutrition and sustainability trade-offs | 2 | |
| Urban and peri-urban agriculture | 2 | |
| Alternative proteins: evidence on footprints | 2 | |
| Reducing food loss and waste: interventions along the chain | 1 | |
| Food system transformation pathways | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Why does ruminant meat have a high greenhouse gas footprint?
C. Enteric methane, low feed conversion efficiency and large land areas for pasture and feed
Rumen fermentation produces methane, ruminants convert feed to meat less efficiently than pigs or poultry, and pasture and feed need large areas, often linked to land-use change. Processing, transport and packaging are small shares.
Further reading: Poore and Nemecek, Science 2018
The EAT-Lancet planetary health diet was designed to feed about how many people in 2050 within environmental boundaries?
A. 10 billion
The 2019 Commission designed a reference diet for about 10 billion people in 2050 within six global boundaries for food production.
Further reading: Willett et al., EAT-Lancet Commission, The Lancet 2019
At 14 g of red meat per day, how much red meat would a person eat in a year?
B. 5.1 kg
14 g × 365 = 5110 g = 5.1 kg a year. 14.0 kg confuses grams per day with kilograms per year; 0.5 and 51.1 kg are decimal slips.
Further reading: Willett et al., EAT-Lancet Commission, The Lancet 2019
In FAO and UNEP definitions, food discarded by a supermarket counts as:
D. Food waste
Food waste occurs at retail, food service and consumer level; food loss covers harvest up to but not including retail. Supermarket discards are therefore waste.
Further reading: FAO, SOFA 2019
A 'qualitative' food loss refers to:
A. A fall in quality or value without a fall in mass
Qualitative loss is a decline in attributes — nutrients, safety, grade, price — while quantitative loss is a physical reduction in mass. The term does not refer to interview methods or a region.
Further reading: FAO, SOFA 2019
On food packaging, what does a 'use by' date indicate?
D. Safety: the food should not be eaten after this date
'Use by' is a safety date for perishable foods; 'best before' is a quality date, after which food is often still safe. Confusing them causes household waste. Packing and display dates are different marks.
Further reading: Codex and national labelling guidance
For high-impact foods such as meat and cheese, how does the climate footprint of packaging usually compare with that of the food?
C. Packaging is a small share of the total
LCA studies typically find packaging a small share of the climate footprint of meat and dairy because production impacts are large; packaging matters more for low-impact foods and beverages in heavy glass.
Further reading: Packaging LCA literature
Which packaging feature mainly helps reduce household food waste?
B. Resealable packs and pack sizes matched to household needs
Resealable and right-sized packs reduce spoilage and leftovers. Glossy printing and thicker film do not reduce waste; larger packs can increase it for small households.
Further reading: WRAP packaging guidance
What is meant by the 'triple burden' of malnutrition?
D. Undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and overweight or obesity coexisting
The triple burden is undernutrition (stunting, wasting), micronutrient deficiency and overweight/obesity, often in the same country or household. The other triads are drivers or supply-chain problems.
Further reading: SOFI 2024
Which international agreement commits cities to developing sustainable urban food systems?
D. Milan Urban Food Policy Pact (2015)
The Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, launched in 2015, is signed by cities committing to sustainable food systems. The Paris Agreement covers climate, Basel hazardous waste trade and Ramsar wetlands.
Further reading: Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
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