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CUET-PG Sustainable Food Systems, Diets & Food Loss: practice questions

CUET-PG — Environmental Sciences · India · National Testing Agency

Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papers
10worked here, free
20written to this exam in this subject
10syllabus units

What this subject covers

The food system from input to plate to waste: sustainable diets, food loss and waste, food environments and the transformation agenda. Post-harvest and processing technology are in the Food Technology and Agricultural Engineering tracks; this subject frames them as sustainability levers.

In the exams: MSc sustainable food systems programmes; SDG 2 and 12 topics in UPSC CSE and UGC NET Unit 10

What CUET-PG asks from it

UGC NET Environmental Sciences (Unit 10 contemporary issues) and CUET-PG

Definitions (food system, food security, food loss vs waste), footprints of foods, packaging trade-offs and indicator names; mostly recall with simple arithmetic.

Where the 20 questions fall

How our questions for CUET-PG spread across the units of Sustainable Food Systems, Diets & Food Loss. Difficulty: 16 easy, 3 medium, 1 hard.

Food system frameworks and drivers3
Food loss and food waste: definitions and measurement3
Environmental footprints of different foods2
Sustainable and healthy diets: planetary health diet and critiques2
Packaging and its trade-offs2
Food security, nutrition and sustainability trade-offs2
Urban and peri-urban agriculture2
Alternative proteins: evidence on footprints2
Reducing food loss and waste: interventions along the chain1
Food system transformation pathways1

10 practice questions, worked

Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.

1 · Environmental footprints of different foods · medium

Why does ruminant meat have a high greenhouse gas footprint?

  1. High electricity use in slaughterhouses and refrigerated retail display cabinets in consuming countries
  2. Long-distance air freight of most beef from producing to consuming countries
  3. Enteric methane, low feed conversion efficiency and large land areas for pasture and feed
  4. Heavy plastic packaging of retail beef cuts compared with plant foods
Answer and working

C. Enteric methane, low feed conversion efficiency and large land areas for pasture and feed

Rumen fermentation produces methane, ruminants convert feed to meat less efficiently than pigs or poultry, and pasture and feed need large areas, often linked to land-use change. Processing, transport and packaging are small shares.

Further reading: Poore and Nemecek, Science 2018

2 · Sustainable and healthy diets: planetary health diet and critiques · easy

The EAT-Lancet planetary health diet was designed to feed about how many people in 2050 within environmental boundaries?

  1. 10 billion
  2. 5 billion
  3. 8 billion
  4. 15 billion
Answer and working

A. 10 billion

The 2019 Commission designed a reference diet for about 10 billion people in 2050 within six global boundaries for food production.

Further reading: Willett et al., EAT-Lancet Commission, The Lancet 2019

3 · Sustainable and healthy diets: planetary health diet and critiques · easy

At 14 g of red meat per day, how much red meat would a person eat in a year?

  1. 14.0 kg
  2. 5.1 kg
  3. 0.5 kg
  4. 51.1 kg
Answer and working

B. 5.1 kg

14 g × 365 = 5110 g = 5.1 kg a year. 14.0 kg confuses grams per day with kilograms per year; 0.5 and 51.1 kg are decimal slips.

Further reading: Willett et al., EAT-Lancet Commission, The Lancet 2019

4 · Food loss and food waste: definitions and measurement · easy

In FAO and UNEP definitions, food discarded by a supermarket counts as:

  1. Food loss
  2. Post-harvest loss
  3. Pre-harvest loss
  4. Food waste
Answer and working

D. Food waste

Food waste occurs at retail, food service and consumer level; food loss covers harvest up to but not including retail. Supermarket discards are therefore waste.

Further reading: FAO, SOFA 2019

5 · Food loss and food waste: definitions and measurement · medium

A 'qualitative' food loss refers to:

  1. A fall in quality or value without a fall in mass
  2. A fall in the mass of food through spillage, pests or spoilage
  3. A loss recorded only through qualitative interviews with farmers and traders at markets
  4. A loss that occurs only in high-income countries' retail sector
Answer and working

A. A fall in quality or value without a fall in mass

Qualitative loss is a decline in attributes — nutrients, safety, grade, price — while quantitative loss is a physical reduction in mass. The term does not refer to interview methods or a region.

Further reading: FAO, SOFA 2019

6 · Reducing food loss and waste: interventions along the chain · easy

On food packaging, what does a 'use by' date indicate?

  1. Quality: the food is at its best before this date but safe after it
  2. Packing: the date on which the food was packed at the factory
  3. Display: the last date the shop may place the food on its shelves
  4. Safety: the food should not be eaten after this date
Answer and working

D. Safety: the food should not be eaten after this date

'Use by' is a safety date for perishable foods; 'best before' is a quality date, after which food is often still safe. Confusing them causes household waste. Packing and display dates are different marks.

Further reading: Codex and national labelling guidance

7 · Packaging and its trade-offs · easy

For high-impact foods such as meat and cheese, how does the climate footprint of packaging usually compare with that of the food?

  1. Packaging is the largest share
  2. Packaging and food are always equal
  3. Packaging is a small share of the total
  4. Packaging has no footprint at all
Answer and working

C. Packaging is a small share of the total

LCA studies typically find packaging a small share of the climate footprint of meat and dairy because production impacts are large; packaging matters more for low-impact foods and beverages in heavy glass.

Further reading: Packaging LCA literature

8 · Packaging and its trade-offs · easy

Which packaging feature mainly helps reduce household food waste?

  1. Glossy printing
  2. Resealable packs and pack sizes matched to household needs
  3. Thicker plastic film
  4. Larger family-size multipacks sold at a lower price per kilogram
Answer and working

B. Resealable packs and pack sizes matched to household needs

Resealable and right-sized packs reduce spoilage and leftovers. Glossy printing and thicker film do not reduce waste; larger packs can increase it for small households.

Further reading: WRAP packaging guidance

9 · Food security, nutrition and sustainability trade-offs · easy

What is meant by the 'triple burden' of malnutrition?

  1. Hunger, conflict and climate change occurring in the same year
  2. Low yields, low prices and high input costs facing farmers in rain-fed areas of poor countries
  3. Food loss, food waste and food fraud in the same supply chain
  4. Undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and overweight or obesity coexisting
Answer and working

D. Undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and overweight or obesity coexisting

The triple burden is undernutrition (stunting, wasting), micronutrient deficiency and overweight/obesity, often in the same country or household. The other triads are drivers or supply-chain problems.

Further reading: SOFI 2024

10 · Urban and peri-urban agriculture · easy

Which international agreement commits cities to developing sustainable urban food systems?

  1. Paris Agreement (2015)
  2. Basel Convention (1989)
  3. Ramsar Convention (1971)
  4. Milan Urban Food Policy Pact (2015)
Answer and working

D. Milan Urban Food Policy Pact (2015)

The Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, launched in 2015, is signed by cities committing to sustainable food systems. The Paris Agreement covers climate, Basel hazardous waste trade and Ramsar wetlands.

Further reading: Milan Urban Food Policy Pact

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Read the subject

Sustainable Food Systems, Diets & Food LossThe full study manual, free CUET-PGFormat, sections and how it has changed

More CUET-PG practice

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Sustainable Food Systems, Diets & Food Loss for other exams

UGC NET · IndiaSustainability Excellence Associate and Sustainability Excellence Professional · InternationalUPSC Civil Services Examination · India

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