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ASRB NET Sampling Theory II: Unequal Probability, Cluster, Multistage & Repeated Sampling: practice questions

ASRB NET - Agricultural Statistics (and Computer Application / Bioinformatics) · India · Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ICAR)

Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papers
10worked here, free
94written to this exam in this subject
12syllabus units

What this subject covers

The designs real agricultural surveys use: PPS sampling with and without replacement and its estimators, cluster and multistage sampling, double sampling, sampling on successive occasions, randomised response, non-response and imputation.

In the exams: AICE-JRF Ag Stat Unit 5 (heavy: each technique named); UPSC ISS Statistics III (heavy); ASRB NET Ag Stat (heavy)

What ASRB NET asks from it

ASRB NET / ARS Agricultural Statistics

Applied design and estimation for agricultural surveys with these methods.

Where the 94 questions fall

How our questions for ASRB NET spread across the units of Sampling Theory II: Unequal Probability, Cluster, Multistage & Repeated Sampling. Difficulty: 15 easy, 56 medium, 23 hard.

Two-stage and multistage sampling9
Variance estimation in complex surveys: linearisation, jackknife and bootstrap9
PPS sampling with replacement: Hansen-Hurwitz estimator8
Sampling without replacement with unequal probabilities: Horvitz-Thompson estimator8
Cluster sampling with equal and unequal clusters8
Sampling on successive occasions and rotation designs8
Non-response: Hansen-Hurwitz call-backs and weighting adjustments8
Imputation methods8
Des Raj and Murthy's estimators; Midzuno-Sen and Rao-Hartley-Cochran schemes7
Double (two-phase) sampling for stratification and for ratio and regression7
Randomised response techniques7
Inverse and adaptive sampling (introduction)7

10 practice questions, worked

Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.

1 · Des Raj and Murthy's estimators; Midzuno-Sen and Rao-Hartley-Cochran schemes · medium

In the Midzuno-Sen scheme, how are units selected?

  1. All by systematic sampling
  2. First PPS, rest by SRS
  3. All by PPS with replacement
  4. First by SRS, rest PPS
Answer and working

B. First PPS, rest by SRS

This makes the ratio estimator unbiased.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

2 · Cluster sampling with equal and unequal clusters · easy

Clusters of 10 units have intracluster correlation 0.1. What is the design effect?

  1. 2.0
  2. 1.9
  3. 0.9
  4. 1.1
Answer and working

B. 1.9

1 + (M - 1) rho = 1 + 9 x 0.1 = 1.9.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

3 · Cluster sampling with equal and unequal clusters · medium

Which estimator of the mean per unit suits unequal clusters best?

  1. Median cluster total
  2. Ratio estimator
  3. Largest cluster mean in the whole sample of clusters
  4. Mean of cluster totals
Answer and working

B. Ratio estimator

The ratio of sampled cluster totals to sampled sizes stabilises estimates when totals vary with size.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

4 · Double (two-phase) sampling for stratification and for ratio and regression · medium

What is the double-sampling regression estimator?

  1. y-bar x-bar'/x-bar^2
  2. y-bar + b(x-bar' - x-bar)
  3. y-bar - b(x-bar' - x-bar)
  4. x-bar' + b y-bar
Answer and working

B. y-bar + b(x-bar' - x-bar)

x-bar' is the first-phase mean.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

5 · Sampling on successive occasions and rotation designs · medium

What is rotation group bias?

  1. Bias of the ratio estimator in small samples
  2. Variance from clusters
  3. Responses changing with time in sample
  4. Bias from PPS selection
Answer and working

C. Responses changing with time in sample

A non-sampling error of rotation designs.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

6 · Sampling on successive occasions and rotation designs · medium

What is a 4-8-4 rotation pattern?

  1. Matched 4 of every 8
  2. 4 strata, 8 clusters, 4 units
  3. 4 occasions only
  4. In 4 periods, out 8, in 4
Answer and working

D. In 4 periods, out 8, in 4

As in the US Current Population Survey.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

7 · Non-response: Hansen-Hurwitz call-backs and weighting adjustments · medium

500 mailed; 300 respond with mean 40; 50 of 200 non-respondents interviewed with mean 30. What is the Hansen-Hurwitz estimate?

  1. 36
  2. 38
  3. 35
  4. 40
Answer and working

A. 36

(300 x 40 + 200 x 30)/500 = 36.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

8 · Non-response: Hansen-Hurwitz call-backs and weighting adjustments · hard

Which model estimates each unit's response probability for weighting?

  1. A Latin square model
  2. A response-propensity model
  3. A path model
  4. A Hardy-Weinberg model
Answer and working

B. A response-propensity model

Usually logistic regression on frame variables.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

9 · Variance estimation in complex surveys: linearisation, jackknife and bootstrap · medium

What do replicate weights on public-use files allow?

  1. Exact population totals for every domain of interest
  2. Selection of new samples
  3. Removal of non-response
  4. Correct variances without design details
Answer and working

D. Correct variances without design details

Users recompute estimates with each replicate weight.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

10 · Inverse and adaptive sampling (introduction) · hard

Why are ordinary estimators biased in adaptive cluster sampling?

  1. Units are drawn with equal probability
  2. The initial sample is not random
  3. Inclusion depends on observed values
  4. Neighbours are never added
Answer and working

C. Inclusion depends on observed values

Modified HT/HH estimators based on networks are unbiased.

Further reading: Cochran, Sampling Techniques; Sukhatme et al., Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications

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Sampling Theory II: Unequal Probability, Cluster, Multistage & Repeated SamplingThe full study manual, free ASRB NETFormat, sections and how it has changed

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ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF · India

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