Indian Forest Service Examination (IFoS) — Forestry optional · India · Union Public Service Commission
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersWhat forestry is, how the profession grew from timber management to multiple-use and sustainable forest management, the extent and change of the world's forests, and the roles of forests in economies and livelihoods.
In the exams: ICAR AIEEA-PG Group 09 Unit I and forest-importance topics; ICAR AICE-JRF 59 Unit 1 (extent and role of forests); background to every forest service exam
How our questions for Indian Forest Service Examination spread across the units of Introduction to Forestry & the World's Forests. Difficulty: 7 easy, 19 medium, 15 hard.
| International forest institutions: FAO, UNFF, IUFRO, ITTO | 7 | |
| History of scientific forestry: German, French and British-Indian traditions | 6 | |
| Deforestation and forest degradation: drivers and global trends | 6 | |
| Multiple-use, sustained yield and sustainable forest management | 5 | |
| Productive, protective and ameliorative roles of forests | 4 | |
| Forest ownership and tenure: state, community, private, indigenous | 4 | |
| Definitions of forest, forestry and forest land (FAO Forest Resources Assessment definitions) | 3 | |
| Forests in national economies and rural and tribal livelihoods | 3 | |
| Extent, distribution and change of the world's forests (FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment) | 2 | |
| Branches of forestry and the forester's professional roles worldwide | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Who published Sylvicultura oeconomica in 1713, the work credited with originating the concept of sustainability in forestry?
D. Hans Carl von Carlowitz
Carlowitz, a Saxon mining administrator, called for continuous, sustaining use of forests (nachhaltende Nutzung). Brandis organised forestry in British India; Pinchot led the US Forest Service; Faustmann developed land valuation in 1849.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
Who became the first Inspector General of Forests in British India in 1864?
A. Dietrich Brandis
Brandis, a German botanist, had organised the Burma teak forests before setting up the forest department in India. Cotta founded the Tharandt school; Schenck the Biltmore school; Gayer advocated mixed stands.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
Planting fast-growing trees in a grassland catchment will most likely:
C. Reduce total water yield while improving water quality and erosion
Trees usually use more water than grass, lowering total yield, though they increase infiltration and reduce sediment; effects depend on climate, species and soil.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
Stumpage fees, concession rents and royalties are examples of:
D. Government revenue from public forests
These charges capture rent from public forests; their fair collection and distribution are governance issues.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
The Forest Principles, the first global consensus statement on forests, were adopted at:
A. The 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio
The non-legally binding Forest Principles were adopted at the Rio Earth Summit, 1992.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
According to FAO's remote-sensing survey for FRA 2020, about what share of global deforestation was due to agricultural expansion?
B. Almost 90%
Almost 90%: roughly half to cropland and nearly 40% to livestock grazing.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
The forest transition model describes:
D. Forest decline, then stabilisation and recovery
Mather described a decline–recovery pattern seen in Europe, North America and parts of Asia; recovery can partly displace clearing to other countries via imports.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
Under the European Union deforestation regulation of 2023, covered commodities must not come from land deforested after:
D. 31 December 2020
The regulation's cut-off date is 31 December 2020; it requires due diligence with plot geolocation.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
Where is the headquarters of the International Tropical Timber Organization?
A. Yokohama
ITTO is in Yokohama, Japan; FAO in Rome; IUFRO in Vienna; UNEP in Nairobi.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
Why is international forest governance described as fragmented?
A. No single binding forest treaty exists; many bodies share the field
Forests are addressed by the climate, biodiversity and desertification conventions, CITES, FAO, UNFF, ITTO and others, coordinated loosely by the CPF.
Further reading: See the manual sources: FAO FRA 2020 and Terms and Definitions; FAO SOFO 2014; UN Forest Instrument; Geist and Lambin 2002; Mather 1992
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