ENADE: Medicina Veterinária · Brazil · INEP
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersBlood and gut protozoa of domestic animals, including trypanosomes, Babesia, Theileria and coccidia, with Anaplasma taught alongside, and their diagnosis and treatment.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 06; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Parasitology)
How our questions for ENADE spread across the units of Veterinary Protozoology. Difficulty: 4 easy, 37 medium, 10 hard.
| Toxoplasma | 6 | |
| Cryptosporidium | 5 | |
| Giardia | 5 | |
| Trichomonas | 5 | |
| Theileria | 4 | |
| Leishmania | 4 | |
| Diagnosis of protozoal infections | 4 | |
| Antiprotozoal chemotherapy | 4 | |
| Trypanosoma and surra | 3 | |
| Babesia | 3 | |
| Anaplasma (rickettsial, taught alongside protozoa) | 3 | |
| Eimeria and coccidiosis | 3 | |
| Histomonas | 2 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
A young dog from the southern United States dies suddenly with acute myocarditis; amastigotes are found in cardiac muscle cells. The vector of the likely parasite is a:
D. Triatomine bug
Amastigotes in myocardium in a dog from the Americas indicate Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), a stercorarian transmitted by triatomine bug faeces. Sand flies carry Leishmania, whose amastigotes are in macrophages rather than heart muscle.
Further reading: Sykes, Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat (5th ed.)
A group of exotic cattle in Kenya shows high fever, enlarged parotid and prescapular lymph nodes, and several die with froth at the nostrils. Lymph node smears show many schizonts. The most likely disease and vector are:
A. East Coast fever; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
Lymphadenopathy, abundant schizonts and death from pulmonary oedema are typical of T. parva infection in East Africa, carried by R. appendiculatus. Heartwater is a rickettsial disease without schizonts; babesiosis lacks lymph node schizonts.
Further reading: Constable et al., Veterinary Medicine (11th ed.)
A 500 kg cow with anaplasmosis is to receive long-acting oxytetracycline at 20 mg/kg intramuscularly; the product contains 200 mg/mL. The total volume is:
B. 50 mL
Dose = 500 x 20 = 10,000 mg; 10,000 / 200 = 50 mL. 25 mL corresponds to the 10 mg/kg daily conventional rate; 5 and 100 mL are arithmetic slips. Large volumes are divided between injection sites according to the label — confirm against the product label and your national formulary.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
A ewe flock has abortions and mummified lambs; cotyledons show small white necrotic foci while the intercotyledonary membrane looks normal. The most likely cause is:
A. Toxoplasma gondii
White 1–2 mm foci on cotyledons with normal intercotyledonary areas and mummified foetuses are typical of ovine toxoplasmosis. Enzootic abortion (Chlamydia abortus) causes thickened, discoloured intercotyledonary placenta.
Further reading: Constable et al., Veterinary Medicine (11th ed.)
In a dairy herd with endemic Neospora caninum, the route that most maintains infection from one generation to the next is:
D. Transplacental transmission from infected dams to their calves
Vertical transmission is highly efficient, so infected heifers born to infected dams perpetuate infection even without dogs. Neospora is not venereal or tick-borne in cattle, and cattle do not eat meat.
Further reading: Constable et al., Veterinary Medicine (11th ed.)
Which statement about halofuginone lactate for calf cryptosporidiosis is correct?
C. It has a narrow safety margin and should not be given to dehydrated calves
Halofuginone is given orally once daily for seven days; it reduces shedding and severity but does not eliminate infection, and toxicity appears at about twice the recommended dose, especially in dehydrated or weak calves.
Further reading: MSD Veterinary Manual
A 6-month-old pedigree kitten from a cattery has chronic large-bowel diarrhoea with mucus and fresh blood; a fresh wet smear shows organisms with jerky forward motion and an undulating membrane. The most likely organism and treatment are:
C. Tritrichomonas foetus; ronidazole
Jerky motion with an undulating membrane distinguishes T. foetus from the falling-leaf motion of Giardia. Ronidazole is the drug most used (about 30 mg/kg orally once daily for 14 days is widely cited — confirm against the product label and your national formulary), with care over neurotoxicity.
Further reading: Sykes, Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat (5th ed.)
Yellow caseous lesions in the mouth and crop of young pigeons ('canker') are caused by:
D. Trichomonas gallinae
T. gallinae infects the upper digestive tract of pigeons, doves and raptors; squabs are infected through crop milk. Histomonas causes blackhead in turkeys; E. tenella causes caecal coccidiosis.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Live coccidiosis vaccines for chickens should not be combined with in-feed anticoccidials because:
C. The drugs would suppress replication of the vaccine strains needed for immunity
Immunity develops from controlled cycling of vaccine Eimeria in the flock; an active anticoccidial would stop this. Vaccines are used in breeders, layers and broilers.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Which clinical sign is typical of histomonosis in turkeys?
A. Sulphur-yellow droppings
Sulphur-yellow droppings with dullness and drooping wings are typical; the dark head is not reliable. Twisted neck suggests Newcastle disease or vitamin deficiency; sinus swelling suggests mycoplasmosis.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Ten here, 51 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to ENADE in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
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