National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians (NLEV) · Nepal · Nepal Veterinary Council (NVC Act 2055 BS)
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersBlood and gut protozoa of domestic animals, including trypanosomes, Babesia, Theileria and coccidia, with Anaplasma taught alongside, and their diagnosis and treatment.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 06; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Parasitology)
How our questions for National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians spread across the units of Veterinary Protozoology. Difficulty: 20 easy, 4 medium, 6 hard.
| Eimeria and coccidiosis | 6 | |
| Diagnosis of protozoal infections | 4 | |
| Babesia | 3 | |
| Histomonas | 3 | |
| Trypanosoma and surra | 2 | |
| Theileria | 2 | |
| Toxoplasma | 2 | |
| Trichomonas | 2 | |
| Leishmania | 2 | |
| Anaplasma (rickettsial, taught alongside protozoa) | 1 | |
| Cryptosporidium | 1 | |
| Giardia | 1 | |
| Antiprotozoal chemotherapy | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Haemoglobinuria ('redwater') in bovine babesiosis results mainly from:
C. Intravascular haemolysis as parasites leave red cells
In babesiosis red cells rupture inside vessels, freeing haemoglobin that exceeds haptoglobin binding and passes into urine. Extravascular haemolysis, as in anaplasmosis, causes anaemia and jaundice without haemoglobinuria.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Koch's blue bodies seen in lymph node smears of cattle with theileriosis are:
B. Schizonts in leucocytes
Koch's blue bodies are the multinucleate schizonts of Theileria in lymphoid cells. Piroplasms are the red-cell stage; rickettsial inclusions in neutrophils describe A. phagocytophilum. The host cells are lymphocytes or macrophages.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Anaplasma marginale is best classified as:
D. A rickettsial Gram-negative bacterium of the order Rickettsiales
Anaplasma is an obligate intracellular bacterium (family Anaplasmataceae) taught with the protozoa because it shares vectors and diagnostic smears. It is not an apicomplexan or a flagellate; haemotropic mycoplasmas are a separate group.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
The definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii is the:
C. Cat and other felids
Only felids support the sexual cycle and shed oocysts. Dogs, sheep, rats and people are intermediate hosts carrying tissue cysts.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Cryptosporidium oocysts are best demonstrated in a faecal smear stained by:
D. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (acid-fast) stain
Oocysts stain pink-red against a blue or green background with the modified ZN method. Gram stain is for bacteria; thick films are blood preparations; iodine suits Giardia cysts better.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
The trophozoite of Giardia duodenalis is characterised by:
A. Two nuclei, four pairs of flagella and a ventral adhesive disc
The bilaterally symmetrical, 'face-like' Giardia trophozoite has two nuclei, eight flagella and an adhesive disc. Three anterior flagella with an undulating membrane describe Tritrichomonas foetus; four nuclei and a wall describe the Giardia cyst.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Yellow caseous lesions in the mouth and crop of young pigeons ('canker') are caused by:
D. Trichomonas gallinae
T. gallinae infects the upper digestive tract of pigeons, doves and raptors; squabs are infected through crop milk. Histomonas causes blackhead in turkeys; E. tenella causes caecal coccidiosis.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Live coccidiosis vaccines for chickens should not be combined with in-feed anticoccidials because:
C. The drugs would suppress replication of the vaccine strains needed for immunity
Immunity develops from controlled cycling of vaccine Eimeria in the flock; an active anticoccidial would stop this. Vaccines are used in breeders, layers and broilers.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Which clinical sign is typical of histomonosis in turkeys?
A. Sulphur-yellow droppings
Sulphur-yellow droppings with dullness and drooping wings are typical; the dark head is not reliable. Twisted neck suggests Newcastle disease or vitamin deficiency; sinus swelling suggests mycoplasmosis.
Further reading: Taylor, Coop & Wall, Veterinary Parasitology (4th ed.)
Ten here, 30 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
Free for ten days, then one subscription of US$10 a month. We would rather say so here than have you find it later.
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