ENADE: Medicina Veterinária · Brazil · INEP
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersStructure of the domestic animal body, with the ox as the type species compared across horse, sheep, goat, pig, dog, fowl and laboratory animals. Applied anatomy (injection sites, nerve blocks, surgical approaches) links it directly to the clinic.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 07; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Anatomy); PRC 10%; Nepal NLEV 6 items (with histology); BCSE 18-20 items; China basic paper 20 (with histology and embryology); AVE Paper 1 at least 2
How our questions for ENADE spread across the units of Veterinary Gross Anatomy. Difficulty: 26 easy, 22 medium, 2 hard.
| Applied and topographic anatomy: injection sites, nerve blocks and surgical approaches | 8 | |
| Comparative splanchnology | 6 | |
| Arthrology | 4 | |
| Neurology | 4 | |
| Aesthesiology (sense organs) of the ox | 4 | |
| Gross anatomy of laboratory animals | 4 | |
| Functional anatomy | 4 | |
| Biomechanics | 3 | |
| Myology | 3 | |
| Angiology | 3 | |
| Boundaries of body cavities and pleural and peritoneal reflections | 3 | |
| Comparative osteology | 2 | |
| Avian anatomy | 2 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
The pelvic symphysis is classified as which type of joint?
D. Cartilaginous joint (symphysis of fibrocartilage)
A symphysis unites bones by fibrocartilage and has no joint cavity; the pelvic and mandibular symphyses are examples. Sutures are fibrous joints of the skull; synovial joints have a cavity and capsule.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
How many patellar ligaments does the ox have?
D. Three
The ox and horse have lateral, intermediate and medial patellar ligaments. The dog and pig have a single patellar ligament, and one is the common wrong answer taken from small-animal teaching.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
The accessory (inferior check) ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in the horse arises from which structure?
C. Palmar carpal ligament
The accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon arises from the palmar carpal ligament and joins the tendon in the mid-metacarpus. The accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor (the superior check) arises from the caudomedial radius.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which domestic species has no tapetum lucidum?
C. Pig
The pig lacks a tapetum. Ruminants and the horse have a fibrous tapetum and carnivores a cellular one, which is why their eyes shine in light.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which of these species has no gall bladder?
A. Horse
The horse (like the rat and pigeon) has no gall bladder; bile flows continuously into the duodenum. The ox, dog and pig have one.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which organ is retroperitoneal?
A. Kidney
The kidneys lie against the dorsal abdominal wall covered by peritoneum on their ventral surface only. The spleen, jejunum and uterine horns are suspended by peritoneal folds (ligaments, mesentery, broad ligament).
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
The paralumbar fossa of the ox is bounded by which structures?
C. Lumbar transverse processes dorsally, last rib cranially and the ridge of the internal oblique muscle caudoventrally
These three boundaries define the flank triangle used for standing laparotomy. The internal oblique ridge runs from the tuber coxae towards the costal arch.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
During thoracocentesis, why is the needle passed along the cranial border of a rib?
A. The intercostal vessels and nerve run along the caudal border of each rib
The intercostal neurovascular bundle lies in a groove along the caudal border of each rib, so staying cranial in the space avoids haemorrhage and nerve damage.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which organ produces the voice in birds?
D. Syrinx
The syrinx lies at the bifurcation of the trachea into the primary bronchi. The avian larynx has no vocal folds; the crop is part of the oesophagus and the choana is the slit in the palate.
Further reading: King and McLelland, Birds: Their Structure and Function
Which vessels of the rabbit are commonly used for blood sampling and injection?
C. Marginal ear veins and central ear artery
The large ears carry an accessible central artery and marginal veins. The median caudal vein is used in cattle and, as lateral tail veins, in rats and mice.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Ten here, 50 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to ENADE in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
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