ICAR AIEEA-PG — Agricultural Engineering & Technology (Major Subject Group 10) · India · National Testing Agency for ICAR
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersHow tractors and implements are tested against codes, and how to read a test report.
In the exams: GATE AG Section 3 (tractor tests and performance); ICAR AIEEA-PG Unit V (test codes and procedure); ICAR AICE subject 39 Unit 3; ASRB NET FMP
ICAR AIEEA-PG — Agricultural Engineering & Technology
Unit V test codes and procedure: types of test (commercial, batch, confidential), names of OECD codes and what each covers, which test measures what, dynamometer types, ROPS purpose; mostly recall with short calculations.
How our questions for ICAR AIEEA-PG spread across the units of Farm Machinery Testing, Evaluation & Standards. Difficulty: 15 easy, 23 medium, 0 hard.
| PTO performance test | 5 | |
| Test instrumentation: dynamometers and fuel meters | 4 | |
| Tests of sprayers and harvesting equipment | 4 | |
| Types of tests: commercial, batch, confidential and prototype | 3 | |
| Test codes: OECD, BIS, PAES/PNS, ASABE and ISO | 3 | |
| Drawbar performance test | 3 | |
| Hydraulic lift test | 3 | |
| Brake and turning tests | 3 | |
| ROPS and FOPS tests | 3 | |
| Laboratory and field tests of tillage and sowing equipment | 3 | |
| Noise at the operator's ear | 2 | |
| Interpreting test reports | 2 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
The OECD Standard Code that covers the performance testing of agricultural tractors — PTO, hydraulic and drawbar power and fuel consumption — is
A. Code 2
Code 2 is the performance code. Code 4 is the static ROPS test for standard tractors, Code 5 is noise at the driver's position, and Code 10 covers falling object protective structures.
The main reason the OECD tractor codes were set up was to
D. make a test report from one member country recognised in the others
The codes, begun in 1959, give a common test method so that a report approved under the scheme is accepted by all participating countries, easing trade. They do not set prices, do not replace national road law, and do not license operators.
During a PTO test the dynamometer records a torque of 220 N·m at a PTO speed of 540 rev/min. The PTO power is
B. 12.44 kW
P = 2πNT/60 = 2π × 540 × 220 / 60 = 12441 W = 12.44 kW. Leaving out the /60 gives 746.4 kW; using 1000 rev/min gives 23.04 kW; leaving out 2π gives 1.98 kW.
In a tractor PTO performance test, the maximum torque and the speed at which it occurs are found from
B. full-governor runs with load raised beyond rated speed, down the lug curve
With the governor control at full, raising the load past the rated point makes the engine slow down and the torque rise to its maximum; those runs trace the lug curve. Part-load runs give fuel use at partial loads, high idle carries almost no torque, and a run at standard PTO speed gives power at that speed only.
Two independent noise sources each produce 86 dB(A) at the operator's ear. The combined level is
D. 89 dB(A)
L = 10 log₁₀(2 × 10^8.6) = 86 + 10 log₁₀ 2 = 89.0 dB(A). Decibels are not added arithmetically (172); a second equal source does add energy, so 86 is wrong; +6 dB applies to doubling sound pressure from coherent sources, not to two independent sources.
During a static ROPS test, which observation alone is enough for the structure to fail?
D. Any part of the structure enters the operator's clearance zone during loading
A ROPS is meant to deform and absorb energy, so permanent bending is expected; failure is entry into the clearance zone, or fracture or mounting failure. Paint cracking and loading time are not acceptance criteria.
In a hydraulic (water-brake) dynamometer used for PTO testing, the load on the engine is varied by
D. changing the water level in the casing around the rotor
A water brake absorbs power by churning water; more water means more resistance. Coil current controls an eddy-current dynamometer, a rope or band is a friction brake, and gear ratio changes do not set dynamometer load.
In a combine harvester field test, grain lost over the straw walkers or out of the rotor discharge with the straw is classed as
B. separation loss
Free grain that the separating unit fails to recover and that leaves with the straw is separation loss. Header loss happens at the cutter bar and reel, cleaning loss leaves from the sieves with the chaff, and pre-harvest loss is on the ground before the machine arrives.
A brochure states 50 hp engine power; the official test report for the same model gives 42 hp maximum PTO power. A buyer should conclude that
C. the figures are taken at different points and are not directly comparable
Flywheel (engine) power is measured before the transmission and PTO power after it, so PTO power is lower by the transmission losses. That gap is normal and not evidence of a fault or an error. The tolerance between declared and measured values is set by each code or rule, and should be checked against the like-for-like quantity.
In a dynamometer, the casing is mounted on trunnion bearings and restrained by a torque arm. This arrangement allows
D. the casing's reaction torque to be measured by a load cell
Whatever torque the rotor applies to the casing (by water, magnetism or friction) tends to rotate the casing; the torque arm and load cell measure that reaction, which equals the shaft torque. The trunnions do not unload the engine, measure water flow, or affect governed speed.
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