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NABARD Assistant Manager Grade A Agricultural Finance, Credit & Rural Banking: practice questions

NABARD Assistant Manager Grade A (RDBS) · India · National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papers
10worked here, free
58written to this exam in this subject
13syllabus units

What this subject covers

How farmers and rural enterprises borrow, how lenders judge them, and the institutions that make up rural credit. The single highest cross-exam topic in this track.

In the exams: agricultural master's entrance examinations, agricultural economics (heavy); agricultural economics PhD entrance and fellowship examinations, agricultural finance (heavy); agricultural development bank officer recruitment (heavy); agricultural field officer recruitment in banking, agricultural finance (heavy); central bank officer recruitment economic and social issues papers (reported)

Where the 58 questions fall

How our questions for NABARD Assistant Manager Grade A spread across the units of Agricultural Finance, Credit & Rural Banking. Difficulty: 15 easy, 32 medium, 11 hard.

Area-based lead-bank arrangements7
Rural and community banks7
Central banks and development finance institutions7
Interest subsidies for farm credit6
Priority-sector lending6
History of agricultural finance5
Seasonal crop-credit products5
Microfinance, self-help and savings groups, and MFIs5
Multi-agency approach and the credit gap3
Classification of credit: short, medium and long term; production and investment2
Bank nationalisation2
Scale of finance2
Estimating credit needs1

10 practice questions, worked

Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.

1 · Classification of credit: short, medium and long term; production and investment · medium

Which classification of agricultural credit is based on the economic purpose of the loan rather than on its term, security or lender?

  1. Short-term, medium-term and long-term credit by repayment period
  2. Secured and unsecured credit
  3. Institutional and non-institutional credit
  4. Production, investment, consumption and marketing credit
Answer and working

D. Production, investment, consumption and marketing credit

Purpose-based classes describe what the loan finances: current operations, fixed capital, household needs or holding produce for sale. Term classes follow the length of the loan, secured/unsecured follows collateral, and institutional/non-institutional follows the type of lender.

2 · History of agricultural finance · medium

Which statement about the spread of the Raiffeisen cooperative credit model is correct?

  1. It spread through Europe and, via colonial laws, Asia and Africa
  2. It began in North America and reached Europe only after the Second World War
  3. It stayed confined to Germany because unlimited liability was illegal elsewhere
  4. It was designed by the World Bank in the 1960s for newly independent states
Answer and working

A. It spread through Europe and, via colonial laws, Asia and Africa

From Germany the model spread to France, the Netherlands, Quebec and elsewhere in Europe and North America, and colonial administrations copied it in cooperative laws in Asia and Africa. It predates the World Bank by eighty years.

3 · Bank nationalisation · easy

Which pair of countries both nationalised their large commercial banks in 1982?

  1. India and Brazil
  2. France and Mexico
  3. Germany and Japan
  4. Kenya and Ghana
Answer and working

B. France and Mexico

France nationalised its remaining large banks in 1982 (after an earlier round in 1945) and Mexico nationalised its banks in September 1982 during the debt crisis. India's nationalisations were in 1969 and 1980.

4 · Area-based lead-bank arrangements · easy

The main purpose of an area approach to rural credit is to

  1. Make one body accountable for each district's credit plan
  2. Give one bank a legal monopoly over all farm lending in its district
  3. Fix one national interest rate for every farm loan in every district
  4. Replace the cooperative banks with commercial banks in each district
Answer and working

A. Make one body accountable for each district's credit plan

An area approach assigns responsibility for assessing needs and coordinating lenders in a territory; it does not create a lending monopoly, set rates or abolish cooperatives.

5 · Area-based lead-bank arrangements · medium

Which is the main risk of area-based credit planning?

  1. It legally forbids banks other than the lead bank to lend
  2. It automatically raises interest rates on farm loans
  3. Planning that becomes target-chasing
  4. It removes any need for lenders to appraise loans
Answer and working

C. Planning that becomes target-chasing

When plan targets become the goal, lenders may book loans to meet them without regard to quality. Area planning does not create a monopoly, set rates or replace appraisal.

6 · Seasonal crop-credit products · medium

Which is the standard working-capital product of commercial farm lenders in North America, Europe and Australia?

  1. A twenty-year mortgage over the farm's land
  2. An operating line secured on crops, stock and receivables
  3. A rotating savings association run by the farmers
  4. A long-term loan for building a grain warehouse
Answer and working

B. An operating line secured on crops, stock and receivables

Operating lines are revolving short-term facilities that finance seasonal costs and are repaid from sales. Mortgages and warehouse loans are long-term investment credit, and a rotating savings association is an informal group, not a lender's product.

7 · Interest subsidies for farm credit · medium

A government pays lenders a subvention of 1.5 per cent a year on 2,000 million currency units of eligible crop loans outstanding for a full year. The budget cost is

  1. 40 million
  2. 140 million
  3. 60 million
  4. 30 million
Answer and working

D. 30 million

1.5% x 2,000 million = 30 million. 40 million uses 2%, 60 million uses 3% and 140 million uses the full 7% lending rate.

8 · Multi-agency approach and the credit gap · hard

Which remedy targets the credit gap faced specifically by tenant farmers without land titles?

  1. Raising the collateral requirement on crop loans
  2. Lowering scales of finance
  3. Reducing branch presence in rural areas
  4. Financing them through joint liability groups
Answer and working

D. Financing them through joint liability groups

JLGs replace land collateral with mutual guarantee, which suits tenants and oral lessees. Higher collateral, lower scales and fewer branches would widen the gap.

9 · Priority-sector lending · medium

A bank must lend 12 per cent of its adjusted net credit of 5,000 million currency units to weaker sections and has lent 450 million to them. Its shortfall is

  1. 150 million
  2. 600 million
  3. 1,050 million
  4. 450 million
Answer and working

A. 150 million

Target = 12% x 5,000 million = 600 million; shortfall = 600 - 450 = 150 million. 600 million is the target, 450 million the achievement, and 1,050 million wrongly adds them.

10 · Microfinance, self-help and savings groups, and MFIs · medium

A microfinance regulation caps a household's total loan repayments at 50 per cent of its monthly income. Which problem is it mainly designed to prevent?

  1. Low interest margins for microfinance lenders
  2. Too few lenders competing in rural markets
  3. Over-indebtedness from multiple borrowing
  4. Excess savings held by poor households
Answer and working

C. Over-indebtedness from multiple borrowing

Debt-service caps respond to crises in which households borrowed from several lenders at once and could not repay. They do not address margins, competition or savings.

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Read the subject

Agricultural Finance, Credit & Rural BankingThe full study manual, free NABARD Assistant Manager Grade AFormat, sections and how it has changed

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