Range Forest Officer recruitment (state exams) · India · State Public Service Commissions and state forest departments (e.g. MPPSC, UKPSC, UPPSC)
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersThe structure of wood and how it determines strength, density, durability and use: macroscopic and microscopic identification of timbers and their physical and mechanical properties.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF 59 Unit 7 (wood anatomy); IFoS Forestry Paper II Section B (forest resources and utilization); PRC Forest Engineering and Utilization
How our questions for Range Forest Officer recruitment spread across the units of Wood Anatomy & Wood Properties. Difficulty: 16 easy, 16 medium, 0 hard.
| Formation of wood: cambium, sapwood and heartwood | 3 | |
| Softwood structure: tracheids, rays, resin canals | 3 | |
| Hardwood structure: vessels, fibres, parenchyma; ring-porous and diffuse-porous | 3 | |
| Cell wall structure and chemical composition | 3 | |
| Macroscopic and microscopic identification of timbers | 3 | |
| Wood density and specific gravity | 3 | |
| Wood-water relations: moisture content, fibre saturation point, shrinkage | 3 | |
| Natural defects and reaction wood | 3 | |
| Timber grading and the uses of important timbers | 3 | |
| Natural durability of timbers | 3 | |
| Mechanical properties: bending, compression, hardness | 2 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Fusiform initials of the cambium give rise to:
D. Axial, longitudinal cells
Ray initials produce rays.
In softwood heartwood, permeability is reduced mainly by:
D. Aspirated pits
The torus seals bordered pits; softwoods have no vessels.
Under a hand lens, the first feature separating softwoods from hardwoods is:
D. No pores
Softwoods are non-porous; hardwoods have vessels seen as pores.
Sal and other dipterocarps can be recognised partly by:
B. Axial intercellular canals in tangential lines
Dipterocarps have axial resin canals.
In chemical pulping, which component must be removed to free the fibres?
C. Lignin
Lignin cements fibres together.
Texture of wood refers mainly to:
A. The size of pores and cells
Grain refers to fibre direction; figure to surface pattern.
A wood with basic density 600 kg/m³ has basic specific gravity of:
C. 0.6
Specific gravity = density ÷ density of water (1000 kg/m³).
MOE (modulus of elasticity) is a measure of:
C. Stiffness
MOR measures bending strength.
Knots formed after a branch has died, which may fall out of boards, are:
A. Encased (dead) knots
Intergrown knots are continuous with stem wood.
Machine stress grading measures mainly:
C. Stiffness, or MOE
MOE correlates with strength and is measured non-destructively.
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