ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF (PhD) · India · NTA for ICAR
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersStructure of the domestic animal body, with the ox as the type species compared across horse, sheep, goat, pig, dog, fowl and laboratory animals. Applied anatomy (injection sites, nerve blocks, surgical approaches) links it directly to the clinic.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 07; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Anatomy); PRC 10%; Nepal NLEV 6 items (with histology); BCSE 18-20 items; China basic paper 20 (with histology and embryology); AVE Paper 1 at least 2
ICAR AIEEA (PG), Code 13 Veterinary Science (Anatomy), and ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF core group 07 (Anatomy)
Comparative recall and reasoning: vertebral and dental formulae, species differences in bones (acromion, third trochanter, carpal and tarsal counts), joints and the stay apparatus, arterial branching and the rete mirabile, cranial nerve functions and the brachial and lumbosacral plexuses, stomach compartments, kidney and lung lobation, accessory sex glands, avian anatomy, and applied sites such as paravertebral, cornual and epidural blocks.
How our questions for ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF spread across the units of Veterinary Gross Anatomy. Difficulty: 0 easy, 8 medium, 23 hard.
| Angiology | 4 | |
| Neurology | 4 | |
| Arthrology | 3 | |
| Boundaries of body cavities and pleural and peritoneal reflections | 3 | |
| Functional anatomy | 3 | |
| Comparative osteology | 2 | |
| Biomechanics | 2 | |
| Myology | 2 | |
| Comparative splanchnology | 2 | |
| Applied and topographic anatomy: injection sites, nerve blocks and surgical approaches | 2 | |
| Gross anatomy of laboratory animals | 2 | |
| Aesthesiology (sense organs) of the ox | 1 | |
| Avian anatomy | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
The centroquartal bone of the bovine tarsus is formed by fusion of which bones?
B. Central and fourth tarsal bones
Ruminants have five tarsal bones because the central and fourth tarsals fuse into the centroquartal bone, and the second and third also fuse. The fused first-and-second tarsal is the equine pattern; the talus and calcaneus remain separate in all species.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which structures make up the suspensory apparatus of the equine fetlock?
C. Interosseous (suspensory) muscle, proximal sesamoids and distal sesamoidean ligaments
The suspensory apparatus is a continuous ligamentous support: interosseous muscle to the sesamoids, then the distal sesamoidean ligaments to the phalanges. The flexor tendons and check ligaments are separate parts of the stay apparatus, and the navicular apparatus belongs to the foot.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
How does most arterial blood reach the brain of the adult ox?
A. Through the rostral epidural rete mirabile, fed by branches of the maxillary artery
In adult ruminants the extracranial internal carotid artery regresses, and the rete mirabile on the floor of the cranial cavity, fed mainly by maxillary artery branches (with some vertebral and occipital contribution), supplies the arterial circle. A direct internal carotid supply is the pattern of the horse and dog.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
In which species does the pancreatic duct normally join the bile duct before entering the duodenum, while the accessory duct is usually absent?
C. Sheep and goat
In small ruminants the pancreatic duct joins the bile duct. In the ox and pig pancreatic secretion usually enters through the accessory duct alone, and the horse and dog generally retain both ducts.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which feature of the mare's ovary is unique among domestic species?
A. An ovulation fossa through which ova are released
The equine ovary is kidney-shaped, with a cortex inside a medulla-like zone and ovulation only at the ovulation fossa. The mulberry appearance is the sow and the almond shape the cow; a nearly closed bursa is found in the bitch.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Approximately how far caudally does the dorsal part of the clinical lung field extend in the ox and in the horse?
D. Ox about the 11th intercostal space; horse about the 16th
The basal border of the lung runs from about the sixth costochondral junction to about the 11th intercostal space dorsally in the ox, and to about the 16th in the horse, which has 18 ribs. Texts vary by one space and the line moves with breathing.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
In the distal paravertebral technique for flank anaesthesia in cattle, local anaesthetic is deposited at the ends of the transverse processes of which lumbar vertebrae?
D. L1, L2 and L4
The distal method blocks the dorsal and ventral branches of T13, L1 and L2 as they cross the tips of the transverse processes of L1, L2 and L4. L1, L2 and L3 are confused with the proximal landmarks, and T13, L1, L2 are the nerves, not the sites.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
What is the function of the pampiniform plexus around the testicular artery?
B. Countercurrent cooling of arterial blood entering the testis
Cool venous blood leaving the testis in the plexus absorbs heat from the coiled testicular artery, keeping the testis below body temperature for spermatogenesis. Testosterone comes from interstitial cells and sperm are stored in the epididymis.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Ten here, 31 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
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