National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians (NLEV) · Nepal · Nepal Veterinary Council (NVC Act 2055 BS)
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersStructure of the domestic animal body, with the ox as the type species compared across horse, sheep, goat, pig, dog, fowl and laboratory animals. Applied anatomy (injection sites, nerve blocks, surgical approaches) links it directly to the clinic.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 07; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Anatomy); PRC 10%; Nepal NLEV 6 items (with histology); BCSE 18-20 items; China basic paper 20 (with histology and embryology); AVE Paper 1 at least 2
How our questions for National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians spread across the units of Veterinary Gross Anatomy. Difficulty: 38 easy, 22 medium, 3 hard.
| Comparative splanchnology | 10 | |
| Applied and topographic anatomy: injection sites, nerve blocks and surgical approaches | 7 | |
| Avian anatomy | 7 | |
| Comparative osteology | 5 | |
| Myology | 5 | |
| Angiology | 5 | |
| Neurology | 5 | |
| Arthrology | 4 | |
| Aesthesiology (sense organs) of the ox | 4 | |
| Functional anatomy | 4 | |
| Boundaries of body cavities and pleural and peritoneal reflections | 3 | |
| Gross anatomy of laboratory animals | 3 | |
| Biomechanics | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
How many pairs of ribs does the ox normally have?
B. 13
The number of rib pairs equals the number of thoracic vertebrae; the ox formula is C7 T13 L6 S5 Cy18-20, so 13 pairs. 18 is the horse, and 14-15 is the pig.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
How many patellar ligaments does the ox have?
D. Three
The ox and horse have lateral, intermediate and medial patellar ligaments. The dog and pig have a single patellar ligament, and one is the common wrong answer taken from small-animal teaching.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
After birth, the ductus arteriosus becomes which structure?
B. Ligamentum arteriosum
The closed ductus arteriosus becomes the ligamentum arteriosum between pulmonary trunk and aorta. The round ligament of the liver is the former umbilical vein, the fossa ovalis the closed foramen ovale, and the round ligaments of the bladder the umbilical arteries.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which domestic species has no tapetum lucidum?
C. Pig
The pig lacks a tapetum. Ruminants and the horse have a fibrous tapetum and carnivores a cellular one, which is why their eyes shine in light.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which of these species has no gall bladder?
A. Horse
The horse (like the rat and pigeon) has no gall bladder; bile flows continuously into the duodenum. The ox, dog and pig have one.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which feature of the mare's ovary is unique among domestic species?
A. An ovulation fossa through which ova are released
The equine ovary is kidney-shaped, with a cortex inside a medulla-like zone and ovulation only at the ovulation fossa. The mulberry appearance is the sow and the almond shape the cow; a nearly closed bursa is found in the bitch.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which artery provides the main blood supply to the udder of the cow?
D. External pudendal artery
The external pudendal artery leaves the abdomen through the inguinal canal and becomes the mammary artery. Venous blood returns by the external pudendal and the large subcutaneous abdominal veins, which is why the 'milk vein' is venous only.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
The pelvic peritoneal pouch lying between the rectum and the genital organs is called the:
A. Rectogenital pouch
From dorsal to ventral the pelvic pouches are rectogenital, vesicogenital (genital organs to bladder) and pubovesical (bladder to pelvic floor). The omental bursa lies behind the stomach.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Which organ produces the voice in birds?
D. Syrinx
The syrinx lies at the bifurcation of the trachea into the primary bronchi. The avian larynx has no vocal folds; the crop is part of the oesophagus and the choana is the slit in the palate.
Further reading: King and McLelland, Birds: Their Structure and Function
Which vessels of the rabbit are commonly used for blood sampling and injection?
C. Marginal ear veins and central ear artery
The large ears carry an accessible central artery and marginal veins. The median caudal vein is used in cattle and, as lateral tail veins, in rats and mice.
Further reading: Dyce, Sack and Wensing, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy
Ten here, 63 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
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