ENADE: Medicina Veterinária · Brazil · INEP
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersTissues and organs at microscopic and ultrastructural level, and how the body develops from gametes to organs. Teratology explains many congenital defects met in practice.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 07; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Anatomy)
How our questions for ENADE spread across the units of Veterinary Histology, Embryology & Developmental Anatomy. Difficulty: 3 easy, 27 medium, 2 hard.
| Systemic histology | 7 | |
| General embryology and developmental anatomy | 4 | |
| Histological and histochemical techniques | 3 | |
| Ultrastructure and electron microscopy | 3 | |
| General histology | 3 | |
| Gametogenesis | 3 | |
| Development of the urogenital organs | 2 | |
| Applied embryology and teratology | 2 | |
| Neuroanatomy | 2 | |
| Endocrine anatomy | 2 | |
| Histoenzymology and immunocytochemistry | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
A horse with haemorrhagic anaemia is recovering, but no reticulocytes are seen in its blood smear. What is the best interpretation?
B. Horses do not release reticulocytes into the blood, even during regeneration
Unlike dogs and cats, horses retain reticulocytes in the marrow until they mature, so their absence in blood does not rule out regeneration; marrow aspiration or serial red-cell indices are needed to judge the response. Concluding aplasia from the blood smear alone is the classic error.
Further reading: Eurell and Frappier, Dellmann's Textbook of Veterinary Histology
In which species is the lymph node 'inverted', with afferent lymph entering at the hilus and follicles lying centrally?
D. Pig
The porcine lymph node is inverted: afferent vessels enter at the hilus, the follicle-rich tissue lies centrally and lymph leaves through the capsule. The ox, horse and dog have the typical mammalian arrangement with a peripheral cortex of follicles.
Further reading: Eurell and Frappier, Dellmann's Textbook of Veterinary Histology
Which route of inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs is standard for isolating avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses?
C. Allantoic cavity
Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses grow to high titre in the allantoic cavity, and the allantoic fluid is harvested and tested by haemagglutination. The chorioallantoic membrane is used for poxviruses, which produce pocks, and the yolk sac for chlamydiae and rickettsiae.
Further reading: McGeady et al., Veterinary Embryology; Noden and de Lahunta, The Embryology of Domestic Animals
A heifer born co-twin to a bull is infertile, with a short vagina and no palpable cervix. The underlying mechanism is:
D. Placental vascular anastomosis exposes the female twin to male hormones and cells
In the freemartin, the chorioallantoic circulations of the twins fuse early in gestation, so anti-Mullerian hormone and cells from the male reach the female; her gonads and Mullerian derivatives fail to develop and her vagina is short. Her blood shows XX/XY leucocyte chimerism, which is used for diagnosis.
Further reading: Zachary, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease
Along which route does cerebrospinal fluid flow from the lateral ventricles?
A. Interventricular foramina, third ventricle, aqueduct, fourth ventricle, lateral apertures
CSF made mainly by the choroid plexuses flows from the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramina to the third ventricle, through the mesencephalic aqueduct to the fourth ventricle, and out through the lateral apertures into the subarachnoid space, where arachnoid villi absorb it. Obstruction at the narrow aqueduct causes hydrocephalus.
Further reading: de Lahunta, Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology
Which of the following is derived from neural crest?
D. Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
Neural crest cells form sensory and autonomic ganglia, Schwann cells, melanocytes and adrenal medullary chromaffin cells, among others. The adrenal cortex comes from coelomic mesoderm, and the cerebral cortex and retina from neuroectoderm of the neural tube.
Further reading: McGeady et al., Veterinary Embryology; Noden and de Lahunta, The Embryology of Domestic Animals
Ten here, 32 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to ENADE in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
Free for ten days, then one subscription of US$10 a month. We would rather say so here than have you find it later.
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