National Veterinary Examination (獣医師国家試験) · Japan · Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), with the Veterinary Affairs Council
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersVirus structure and replication, the virus families behind the major animal plagues and pet diseases, and how viral infections are diagnosed and vaccinated against.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 06; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Microbiology); China infectious diseases 30
How our questions for National Veterinary Examination spread across the units of Systematic Veterinary Virology. Difficulty: 4 easy, 20 medium, 0 hard.
| Canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus | 5 | |
| Equine influenza and equine infectious anaemia viruses | 4 | |
| Virus replication | 2 | |
| Foot-and-mouth disease virus | 2 | |
| Rabies virus | 2 | |
| Virus structure | 1 | |
| PPR virus and rinderpest (history of eradication) | 1 | |
| Capripoxviruses and lumpy skin disease virus | 1 | |
| Bluetongue virus | 1 | |
| Avian influenza virus | 1 | |
| Newcastle disease virus | 1 | |
| Infectious bursal disease virus | 1 | |
| Marek's disease virus | 1 | |
| African and classical swine fever viruses | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Sudden death in unweaned calves during a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak, with grey-white streaks in the myocardium at post-mortem, is called:
A. Tiger heart
Myocarditis in young animals is the main cause of death in foot-and-mouth disease and the streaked myocardium is described as tiger heart. Turkey-egg kidney belongs to classical swine fever, zebra striping to rinderpest and PPR in the large intestine, and sit-fasts to sloughed lumpy skin disease nodules.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Which test is the reference standard for confirming rabies in an animal?
C. Direct fluorescent antibody test on brain tissue
Diagnosis is made after death on brain tissue, with the direct fluorescent antibody test as the reference, supported by the direct rapid immunohistochemical test and genome detection. Negri bodies are absent in a substantial proportion of true cases, so histology alone cannot exclude rabies, and antibody in an unvaccinated live animal is not a diagnostic test.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Which samples are standard for investigating suspected avian influenza in a live flock?
C. Oropharyngeal (tracheal) and cloacal swabs
Respiratory and cloacal swabs capture the sites of replication and shedding and suit genome detection. A single serum sample shows exposure but not current infection, feather pulp is the sample for Marek's disease virus, and formalin destroys material needed for genome detection.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Which viruses are regarded as core canine vaccines under the widely used international guidelines, in addition to rabies where it is endemic?
A. Canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus type 2
Distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus are core for every dog, with rabies core where the disease is endemic or required by law; the others are non-core and are chosen on risk. Kennel cough components are important but are not core.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Equine infectious anaemia virus is transmitted mainly by:
D. Mechanical transfer of blood by large biting flies and by contaminated needles
Tabanid and stomoxys-type flies carry infected blood on their mouthparts, and shared needles, dental instruments or blood products do the same; the virus does not replicate in the insect. Aerosol and feed-borne spread are not routes for this lentivirus.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
The most common serious complication of equine influenza is:
A. Secondary bacterial pneumonia
Damage to the respiratory epithelium opens the way to bacterial infection, which is why rest and careful management after the fever resolves matter as much as anything. Laminitis, haemolysis and renal failure are not typical direct consequences of equine influenza.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Ten here, 24 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to National Veterinary Examination in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
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