National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians (NLEV) · Nepal · Nepal Veterinary Council (NVC Act 2055 BS)
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersVirus structure and replication, the virus families behind the major animal plagues and pet diseases, and how viral infections are diagnosed and vaccinated against.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 06; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Microbiology); China infectious diseases 30
How our questions for National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians spread across the units of Systematic Veterinary Virology. Difficulty: 19 easy, 19 medium, 0 hard.
| Canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus | 5 | |
| Newcastle disease virus | 4 | |
| PPR virus and rinderpest (history of eradication) | 3 | |
| Rabies virus | 3 | |
| Avian influenza virus | 3 | |
| African and classical swine fever viruses | 3 | |
| Virus structure | 2 | |
| Virus replication | 2 | |
| Foot-and-mouth disease virus | 2 | |
| Capripoxviruses and lumpy skin disease virus | 2 | |
| Bluetongue virus | 2 | |
| Infectious bursal disease virus | 2 | |
| Marek's disease virus | 2 | |
| Equine influenza and equine infectious anaemia viruses | 1 | |
| Viral diagnostics | 1 | |
| Viral vaccine technology | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Sudden death in unweaned calves during a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak, with grey-white streaks in the myocardium at post-mortem, is called:
A. Tiger heart
Myocarditis in young animals is the main cause of death in foot-and-mouth disease and the streaked myocardium is described as tiger heart. Turkey-egg kidney belongs to classical swine fever, zebra striping to rinderpest and PPR in the large intestine, and sit-fasts to sloughed lumpy skin disease nodules.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Which test is the reference standard for confirming rabies in an animal?
C. Direct fluorescent antibody test on brain tissue
Diagnosis is made after death on brain tissue, with the direct fluorescent antibody test as the reference, supported by the direct rapid immunohistochemical test and genome detection. Negri bodies are absent in a substantial proportion of true cases, so histology alone cannot exclude rabies, and antibody in an unvaccinated live animal is not a diagnostic test.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Which samples are standard for investigating suspected avian influenza in a live flock?
C. Oropharyngeal (tracheal) and cloacal swabs
Respiratory and cloacal swabs capture the sites of replication and shedding and suit genome detection. A single serum sample shows exposure but not current infection, feather pulp is the sample for Marek's disease virus, and formalin destroys material needed for genome detection.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Which live Newcastle disease vaccine strains were developed for village poultry where refrigeration is unreliable?
A. Thermostable strains such as V4 and I-2
Thermostable lentogenic strains were selected precisely so that village poultry can be vaccinated without a reliable cold chain, often by mixing with feed or by eye drop. Inactivated oil vaccines cannot be given by spray, and liquid nitrogen storage is a feature of cell-associated Marek's vaccines.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Which serological test is routinely used to monitor flock immunity to Newcastle disease?
B. Haemagglutination inhibition
Haemagglutination inhibition measures antibody that blocks the virus from agglutinating red cells and is the standard flock monitoring test, read as a titre in doubling dilutions. The Coggins test is for equine infectious anaemia and is a common distractor drawn from a different species.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Infectious bursal disease virus principally destroys:
B. Immature IgM-bearing B lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius
The virus targets dividing IgM-positive B cells in the bursa, which is why the lasting consequence is antibody-mediated immunosuppression. T cells in the thymus are the target of Marek's disease virus transformation, a different poultry disease.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Which viruses are regarded as core canine vaccines under the widely used international guidelines, in addition to rabies where it is endemic?
A. Canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus type 2
Distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus are core for every dog, with rabies core where the disease is endemic or required by law; the others are non-core and are chosen on risk. Kennel cough components are important but are not core.
Further reading: Standard veterinary virology texts and WOAH Terrestrial Manual disease chapters
Ten here, 38 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
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