ENADE: Medicina Veterinária · Brazil · INEP
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersPoisoning by metals, plants, mycotoxins, pesticides, non-protein nitrogen, venoms and pollutants, with residues in food and the antidotes used.
In the exams: AVE Paper 1 toxicology at least 3; SAVC toxicology 10 (plus southern African plant poisonings); ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 Unit IV (poisonous plants, agro-chemicals); ICAR AICE-JRF core group 07
How our questions for ENADE spread across the units of Veterinary Toxicology. Difficulty: 10 easy, 30 medium, 2 hard.
| Oxalate, lantana and bracken poisoning | 5 | |
| Antidotes | 5 | |
| Rodenticide poisoning | 4 | |
| Snake bite and insect stings | 4 | |
| Copper, molybdenum, fluorine and selenium toxicity | 3 | |
| Corrosives and irritants | 3 | |
| Mycotoxins and aflatoxicosis | 3 | |
| Metal toxicity: lead, arsenic and mercury | 2 | |
| Cyanogenic plants | 2 | |
| Nitrate and nitrite poisoning | 2 | |
| Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning | 2 | |
| Organochlorine and pyrethroid poisoning | 2 | |
| Water-borne toxicities | 2 | |
| Urea and non-protein nitrogen toxicity | 1 | |
| Radiation hazards | 1 | |
| Ecotoxicology and residues | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Why is emesis contraindicated after a dog drinks kerosene?
D. Distillates are easily aspirated, causing chemical pneumonitis
Low-viscosity hydrocarbons are readily aspirated during vomiting and cause severe pneumonitis. They are not corrosive alkalis, and charcoal binds them poorly.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
In southern Africa, sheep and goats that tire easily, lie with the neck bent and stand with feet close together after repeatedly eating plakkies (Tylecodon, Cotyledon) are suffering from
D. Krimpsiekte (cumulative cotyledonoside poisoning)
Krimpsiekte is a chronic paretic syndrome from bufadienolides of Crassulaceae. Geeldikkop is Tribulus-associated hepatogenous photosensitisation; gousiekte is delayed heart failure from Rubiaceae; vermeersiekte is Geigeria vomiting disease.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
Tulp (Moraea) and slangkop (Drimia) poisoning of cattle is caused by
B. Bufadienolide cardiac glycosides
Both plants contain bufadienolides that inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase, causing gastrointestinal and cardiac signs; they are the most important plant poisonings of cattle in southern Africa.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
A horse is found dead in a paddock where hedge clippings were dumped. Leaf fragments in the stomach are flat, dark-green needles. The toxin involved is
A. Taxine alkaloids from yew
Yew (Taxus) clippings kill horses within hours through taxine blockade of cardiac sodium and calcium channels; horses are the most sensitive species.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
Prepubertal gilts fed mouldy maize show swollen, reddened vulvas and some rectal prolapses. The most likely mycotoxin is
D. Zearalenone
Zearalenone binds oestrogen receptors, producing hyperoestrogenism. Deoxynivalenol causes feed refusal and vomiting; fumonisin causes porcine pulmonary oedema.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
A cat develops generalised tremors, ear flicking and hyperthermia a few hours after its owner applied a dog flea spot-on. The most likely toxicant is
C. Permethrin
Concentrated canine permethrin spot-ons poison cats, which glucuronidate poorly. The other drugs are used in products licensed for cats.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
A dog ate a second-generation anticoagulant bait 2 hours ago and emesis produced bait. If vitamin K1 is started, how is the end of treatment decided?
D. Finish the course (about four weeks), then check PT 48 to 72 hours after the last dose
Second-generation compounds persist for weeks, so treatment is long and its adequacy is checked by PT 48 to 72 hours after stopping; a normal day-1 PT is expected and proves nothing.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
Tetanic extensor seizures triggered by noise or touch, with a 'sawhorse' stance, suggest poisoning by
C. Strychnine
Strychnine antagonises glycine at spinal inhibitory synapses, so stimuli trigger extensor spasms. Metaldehyde seizures, in contrast, are not stimulus-induced.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
The withdrawal period of a veterinary drug is
C. Time from last dose until meat, milk or eggs are usable, with residues below the MRL
The withdrawal (withholding) period is set so residues fall below the maximum residue limit; it applies to the labelled species, dose and route.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
Why is vitamin K3 (menadione) not used for anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
A. It is too slow to restore clotting factors and is nephrotoxic in horses
Vitamin K1 (phytonadione) is required; menadione does not restore factor synthesis effectively and causes renal damage in horses.
Further reading: Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology (3rd ed.); Merck Veterinary Manual, Toxicology
Ten here, 42 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to ENADE in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
Free for ten days, then one subscription of US$10 a month. We would rather say so here than have you find it later.
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