ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF (PhD) · India · NTA for ICAR
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersHow drugs move through and act on the body, how species differ, and the drugs used on each organ system.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 07; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Pharmacology & Toxicology); PRC 10%; Nepal NLEV 6 (with toxicology); China basic paper 15; BCSE 28-32 items (with physiology and toxicology); AVE Paper 1 at least 5
ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF core group 07
Deeper pharmacokinetics (compartment models, clearance, Vd, loading and maintenance doses), receptor theory (partial agonism, competitive and non-competitive antagonism, spare receptors), MDR1 and cat glucuronidation, residues and MRLs.
How our questions for ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF spread across the units of General & Systemic Veterinary Pharmacology. Difficulty: 1 easy, 21 medium, 16 hard.
| Pharmacokinetics | 11 | |
| Pharmacodynamics | 5 | |
| Species differences in drug response | 4 | |
| Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system | 3 | |
| Sources and nature of drugs | 2 | |
| Autacoids and humoral agents | 2 | |
| Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system | 2 | |
| Drugs acting on the digestive system: ruminatorics and antacids | 2 | |
| Endocrine pharmacology | 2 | |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 2 | |
| Drugs acting on the respiratory system | 1 | |
| Drugs acting on the urogenital system | 1 | |
| Fluids and electrolytes | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
A drug given intravenously at 10 mg/kg produces an AUC of 20 mg.h/L. Its total body clearance is:
D. 0.5 L/h/kg
CL = F x dose / AUC = 1 x 10 mg/kg / 20 mg.h/L = 0.5 L/h/kg. Inverting the ratio (AUC/dose) gives 2; multiplying gives 200; 0.05 is 1/AUC, omitting the dose.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
A drug has an apparent volume of distribution of 15 L/kg. This most likely means that:
C. The drug is extensively bound or sequestered in tissues
Vd is a proportionality constant, not an anatomical volume. Values far above total body water (about 0.6 L/kg) mean high tissue binding, as with some macrolides and tricyclic drugs. Believing Vd cannot exceed body water is the classic misconception.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Bethanechol is preferred to acetylcholine for treating urinary retention due to detrusor atony because bethanechol:
B. Resists hydrolysis by cholinesterase and is relatively muscarinic-selective
Bethanechol is a choline ester resistant to cholinesterase, with mainly muscarinic actions on the bladder and gut. Acetylcholine is destroyed in seconds. It must not be used when the urethra is obstructed.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Neostigmine is used to reverse which type of neuromuscular block?
C. Non-depolarising block, such as by atracurium
Neostigmine increases acetylcholine at the motor end plate, which outcompetes non-depolarising blockers. In phase I depolarising block it deepens the block. It is given with an antimuscarinic (atropine or glycopyrrolate) to prevent bradycardia.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Ondansetron controls vomiting by blocking which receptor?
C. 5-HT3
Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 antagonist acting at the chemoreceptor trigger zone and vagal afferents. Maropitant blocks NK1; metoclopramide blocks D2; antihistamines block H1.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Glucocorticoids reduce production of both prostaglandins and leukotrienes because they:
B. Inhibit phospholipase A2 via induced annexin-1, reducing arachidonic acid release
By acting upstream of both COX and lipoxygenase, glucocorticoids reduce all eicosanoid classes; they also suppress COX-2 induction. NSAIDs inhibit COX only, so leukotriene production continues.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Digoxin toxicity is made more likely by:
B. Hypokalaemia
Digoxin and potassium compete at the Na-K-ATPase; low potassium increases digoxin binding and toxicity. Loop diuretics causing hypokalaemia are a common reason. Digoxin is mostly renally excreted, so reduced (not increased) filtration raises its concentration.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Ten here, 38 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
Free for ten days, then one subscription of US$10 a month. We would rather say so here than have you find it later.
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