ICAR AIEEA (PG): Master's entrance, Veterinary Science and Animal Sciences · India · NTA for ICAR
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersHow drugs move through and act on the body, how species differ, and the drugs used on each organ system.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 07; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Pharmacology & Toxicology); PRC 10%; Nepal NLEV 6 (with toxicology); China basic paper 15; BCSE 28-32 items (with physiology and toxicology); AVE Paper 1 at least 5
ICAR AIEEA-PG (Code 13, Pharmacology & Toxicology)
Sources of drugs and their active principles, receptor types, Henderson-Hasselbalch and ion trapping, phase I and II reactions and species gaps in them, autonomic drugs, ruminatorics and antifoaming agents, prostaglandins and NSAID classes.
How our questions for ICAR AIEEA spread across the units of General & Systemic Veterinary Pharmacology. Difficulty: 16 easy, 31 medium, 2 hard.
| Pharmacokinetics | 9 | |
| Pharmacodynamics | 6 | |
| Species differences in drug response | 5 | |
| Drugs acting on the digestive system: ruminatorics and antacids | 5 | |
| Sources and nature of drugs | 4 | |
| Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system | 3 | |
| Autacoids and humoral agents | 3 | |
| Drugs acting on the respiratory system | 3 | |
| Fluids and electrolytes | 3 | |
| Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system | 2 | |
| Drugs acting on the urogenital system | 2 | |
| Endocrine pharmacology | 2 | |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 2 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Atropine is obtained from which plant?
A. Atropa belladonna
Atropine is an alkaloid of deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna. Physostigma venenosum (Calabar bean) gives physostigmine, an anticholinesterase with the opposite effect, which is the usual trap.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
A drug given intravenously at 10 mg/kg produces an AUC of 20 mg.h/L. Its total body clearance is:
D. 0.5 L/h/kg
CL = F x dose / AUC = 1 x 10 mg/kg / 20 mg.h/L = 0.5 L/h/kg. Inverting the ratio (AUC/dose) gives 2; multiplying gives 200; 0.05 is 1/AUC, omitting the dose.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids act mainly through which receptor family?
C. Nuclear receptors that regulate gene transcription
Glucocorticoids, sex steroids and thyroid hormone act on intracellular receptors that bind DNA and alter transcription over hours. Insulin acts through a tyrosine kinase receptor; muscarinic and adrenergic receptors are GPCRs.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Why are weak bases given parenterally to adult cattle found in high concentration in rumen fluid?
B. Ion trapping: the drug ionises in the more acidic rumen and cannot diffuse back
Rumen fluid (pH about 5.5-6.5) is more acidic than plasma, so un-ionised base diffuses in, becomes ionised and is trapped. Bile enters the duodenum, not the rumen.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Which of these substances is listed in Table 2 (prohibited substances) of Commission Regulation (EU) 37/2010?
C. Chloramphenicol
Table 2 lists substances for which no MRL can be fixed: chloramphenicol, nitrofurans, dimetridazole, metronidazole, ronidazole, dapsone, chlorpromazine, colchicine, chloroform and Aristolochia. The others have Table 1 MRLs for named species.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Bethanechol is preferred to acetylcholine for treating urinary retention due to detrusor atony because bethanechol:
B. Resists hydrolysis by cholinesterase and is relatively muscarinic-selective
Bethanechol is a choline ester resistant to cholinesterase, with mainly muscarinic actions on the bladder and gut. Acetylcholine is destroyed in seconds. It must not be used when the urethra is obstructed.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
A goat has eaten urea-containing supplement and shows tremors and bloat with a rumen pH of 8. The traditional emergency drench is:
B. Dilute acetic acid (vinegar) with cold water
Acetic acid lowers rumen pH, converting ammonia to ammonium, which is poorly absorbed, and slows urease; cold water slows the reaction. Alkalinising agents would make things worse.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Which is used to treat primary hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) in dogs?
D. A mineralocorticoid (desoxycorticosterone pivalate or fludrocortisone) with a glucocorticoid
Addison's disease lacks both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid; replacement of both is needed. Trilostane and mitotane treat the opposite condition, Cushing's.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
Which drug caused severe declines in Gyps vulture populations in South Asia through residues in cattle carcasses?
A. Diclofenac
Vultures eating carcasses of cattle treated with diclofenac died of kidney failure and visceral gout. Veterinary diclofenac was banned in India in 2006; meloxicam was promoted as a vulture-safe substitute.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
In an animal with clinically sunken eyes, persistent skin tent and signs of shock, dehydration is estimated at about:
A. 10-12%
Sunken eyes, persistent tenting and shock indicate 10-12%. Under 5% is not detectable clinically; 5-8% shows reduced skin elasticity and dry membranes.
Further reading: Riviere & Papich, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10th ed.
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