ICAR AIEEA-PG Infant Formula & Nutritional Dairy Products: practice questions

1 · Human milk composition as the reference · medium

What is the whey-to-casein ratio commonly cited for mature human milk, compared with cow milk?

1. About 60:40, against about 20:80 for cow milk
2. About 20:80, against about 60:40 for cow milk
3. About 50:50, the same as in cow milk
4. About 90:10 throughout lactation, against 40:60 in cow milk

2 · Codex and national standards for infant formula · medium

Under the Codex standard, what is the protein range for infant formula based on cow milk protein?

1. 1.8–3.0 g per 100 kcal
2. 0.9–1.2 g per 100 kcal
3. 3.5–5.0 g per 100 kcal
4. 4.4–6.0 g per 100 kcal

3 · Formulation: protein, fat blends, carbohydrates, micronutrients · medium

Per 100 mL, a formula contains 1.3 g protein, 3.5 g fat and 7.3 g carbohydrate. What is its energy?

1. About 74 kcal
2. About 66 kcal
3. About 108 kcal
4. About 48 kcal

4 · Wet-mix, dry-blend and hybrid manufacture · easy

In the wet-mix process for infant formula, which is the correct order of main steps?

1. Spray dry, mix, evaporate, homogenise, heat treat
2. Mix, heat treat, homogenise, evaporate, spray dry
3. Evaporate, spray dry, mix, heat treat, homogenise
4. Homogenise, spray dry, heat treat, mix, evaporate

5 · Cronobacter and Salmonella control in powder plants · medium

How much powder in total is tested for Cronobacter under the Codex sampling plan?

1. 30 g
2. 300 g
3. 1,500 g
4. 100 g

6 · Cronobacter and Salmonella control in powder plants · easy

What water temperature do WHO and FAO advise for reconstituting powdered infant formula?

1. Exactly 37 °C
2. At least 70 °C
3. At least 30 °C
4. Below 10 °C

7 · Cronobacter and Salmonella control in powder plants · medium

How is air managed in the high-hygiene zone of a formula plant?

1. Filtered air at positive pressure
2. No air flow, to keep powder still
3. Humidified air to reduce dust
4. Unfiltered outside air at negative pressure

8 · Human milk oligosaccharides and other novel ingredients · easy

Why are probiotics added to formula by dry blending rather than in the wet mix?

1. Probiotics cannot be weighed in liquid
2. Dry blending removes their protein coat
3. Probiotics react with lactose in the wet mix
4. Heat treatment and drying would kill them

9 · Growing-up milks, follow-on formula and marketing rules · easy

In what year was the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes adopted?

1. 1995
2. 2016
3. 1981
4. 1963

10 · Medical and enteral nutrition from dairy proteins · easy

Which formula type contains intact proteins such as caseinates and whey?

1. Elemental
2. Polymeric
3. Modular amino acid
4. Semi-elemental