ASRB NET and ARS / SMS / STO (Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board) · India · Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersPregnancy accidents, normal birth, dystocia and the operations that relieve it, and the complications of the post-partum period and the newborn.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 07; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (ARGO); Nepal NLEV Theriogenology 8
How our questions for ASRB NET and ARS / SMS / STO spread across the units of Veterinary Obstetrics. Difficulty: 4 easy, 21 medium, 20 hard.
| Abortion | 5 | |
| Normal parturition | 5 | |
| Uterine torsion | 4 | |
| Foetal dystocia | 4 | |
| Neonatal care | 4 | |
| Maternal dystocia | 3 | |
| Obstetrical operations | 3 | |
| Fetotomy | 3 | |
| Caesarean section | 3 | |
| Post-partum complications | 3 | |
| Foetal mummification | 2 | |
| Hydrops of the foetal membranes | 2 | |
| Uterine prolapse | 2 | |
| Retained placenta | 2 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
A cow has a clockwise (right) uterine torsion. How should she be rolled to correct it?
C. Cast on her right side and rolled quickly to the right
The dam is cast on the side toward which the torsion is directed and rolled rapidly in the same direction, so her body turns faster than the heavy uterus and catches up with it. Rolling the wrong way increases the torsion.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Per rectum in a cow with uterine torsion, the left broad ligament is felt passing tightly over the top of the uterus towards the right, and the right ligament passes down beneath. What is the direction of the torsion as viewed from behind?
D. Clockwise (to the right)
In a clockwise torsion the left side of the uterus rotates upward and over to the right, dragging the left broad ligament tightly across the top, while the right ligament is pulled down beneath. The reverse arrangement indicates an anticlockwise torsion.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Which fetal monster has a sharply flexed spine so that head and tail approach each other, with exposed abdominal viscera?
D. Schistosomus reflexus
Schistosomus reflexus is the most important bovine monster; viscera, or four limbs and head together, may be felt in the canal. Perosomus elumbis lacks lumbar and sacral segments and has rigid hindlimbs.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Perosomus elumbis in the calf causes dystocia mainly because:
A. It lacks lumbosacral spinal segments, so its hindlimbs are rigid and cannot be extended
Absent lumbar and sacral segments leave the hindquarters with ankylosed limbs that cannot be positioned. The distractors describe hydrocephalus, schistosomus reflexus and anasarca respectively.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
A calf is in posterior presentation with bilateral hip flexion (breech). What is the correct order of correction for each hindlimb?
C. Repel the rump, convert hip flexion to hock flexion, then flex the hock and bring up the cupped foot
The limb is corrected stage by stage: hip flexion becomes hock flexion, and hock flexion is then corrected by bringing the foot up in an arc. Traction on the tail does nothing and can injure the calf.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Why is the number of fetotomy cuts kept to a minimum in the mare?
B. The equine cervix and vagina are easily damaged, and complications reduce future fertility
The mare's genital tract is delicate and prone to lacerations, adhesions and infection, so fetotomy is limited to one or two cuts or replaced by assisted vaginal delivery under anaesthesia or caesarean section. Epidural anaesthesia can be used in the mare.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Which spinal nerves are blocked in a paravertebral block for bovine flank laparotomy?
B. T13, L1 and L2
The paralumbar fossa is supplied by the thirteenth thoracic and first and second lumbar nerves. L4-L6 contribute to the obturator nerve, and S2-S4 are sacral nerves supplying the pelvic viscera and perineum, not the flank.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Using the widely accepted definitions, puerperal metritis in the dairy cow is:
B. Within 21 days of calving: enlarged uterus, fetid red-brown discharge and systemic illness
Puerperal metritis combines uterine signs with systemic illness in the first 21 days. Purulent discharge after 21 days is clinical endometritis, cytology-only disease is subclinical endometritis, and pus with a corpus luteum is pyometra.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Neonatal isoerythrolysis in the foal most often involves antibodies against which red cell antigens?
A. Aa and Qa
Mares lacking Aa or Qa, sensitised in earlier pregnancies, produce antibodies that the foal absorbs from colostrum. DEA antigens are canine, and A/B are feline blood groups.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Why can a calf with an absent or non-functional pituitary remain in utero well beyond term?
B. Birth in ruminants is triggered by fetal ACTH and cortisol, which this fetus cannot produce
Without fetal pituitary ACTH there is no adrenal cortisol surge, so the placental switch and luteolysis do not happen and gestation is prolonged. It is a classic demonstration that the ruminant fetus initiates parturition.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
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