ASRB NET and ARS / SMS / STO (Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board) · India · Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersThe general responses of tissue to injury: circulatory disturbances, degeneration and necrosis, inflammation and repair, immunopathology and neoplasia.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 06; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Pathology); PRC 10%; Nepal NLEV 6; China basic paper 20; BCSE 20-23 items; AVE Paper 1 at least 8 (with clinical pathology); SAVC diagnostic pathology 25
How our questions for ASRB NET and ARS / SMS / STO spread across the units of General Veterinary Pathology. Difficulty: 26 easy, 11 medium, 10 hard.
| Degeneration | 7 | |
| Inflammation | 6 | |
| Oncology: benign and malignant tumours | 6 | |
| Necrosis and gangrene | 5 | |
| Aetiology of disease | 4 | |
| Pathological calcification | 4 | |
| Genetic diseases | 4 | |
| Haemodynamic derangements | 3 | |
| Healing and repair | 3 | |
| Immunopathology | 3 | |
| Disturbances of growth | 2 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
The sequence of events from the first contact with a cause to the final expression of disease is called:
C. Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis is the mechanism by which disease develops. Aetiology is the cause itself, a common mix-up; a morphological diagnosis describes the lesion, and prognosis predicts outcome.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Reactive systemic (AA) amyloid is derived from:
C. Serum amyloid A, an acute phase protein made by the liver
AA amyloid follows chronic inflammation, when serum amyloid A is produced in quantity. AL amyloid comes from light chains in plasma cell tumours, and islet amyloid polypeptide is the localised amyloid of feline diabetic islets.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Ballooning degeneration of epidermal cells that progresses to vesicles is characteristic of:
A. Poxviruses and vesicular viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease
Extreme swelling of keratinocytes, which then rupture and separate, is typical of poxviruses and vesicular diseases. The other options affect other tissues and do not form vesicles.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Shrinkage and dark condensation of the nucleus of a dying cell is called:
C. Pyknosis
Pyknosis is condensation, karyorrhexis fragmentation and karyolysis fading of the nucleus. Acantholysis is loss of attachment between keratinocytes, as in pemphigus.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Caseous necrosis with concentric 'onion-ring' lamination in the lymph nodes of sheep is typical of:
B. Caseous lymphadenitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis produces caseous abscesses, laminated in sheep. Johne's disease causes granulomatous enteritis without caseation in cattle; anthrax produces haemorrhage.
Further reading: Maxie MG, Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals, 6th ed.
Calcium deposits in tissue sections are demonstrated black by:
D. The von Kossa method
Von Kossa stains the phosphate and carbonate of calcium salts black; alizarin red S stains calcium red. Congo red is for amyloid and Oil Red O for lipid.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Chronic pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning from Senecio species in horses and cattle typically leads to:
B. Hepatic fibrosis with megalocytosis and biliary hyperplasia
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are antimitotic; hepatocytes enlarge (megalocytes) but cannot divide, and fibrosis and bile duct proliferation replace lost tissue. Regeneration fails because hepatocyte division is blocked.
Further reading: Maxie MG, Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals, 6th ed.
Partial albinism, bleeding tendency and giant cytoplasmic granules in leukocytes of Hereford and Japanese Black cattle and Persian cats indicate:
D. Chediak-Higashi syndrome
A lysosomal trafficking defect produces giant granules in leukocytes, melanocytes and platelets, causing infections, pale coat and bleeding. Pelger-Huet anomaly is hyposegmented neutrophils without disease.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
A lethal recessive condition affects 1 in 10,000 calves in a randomly mating population. Using the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the frequency of carriers is approximately:
D. 2 per cent
q squared = 1/10,000, so q = 0.01 and p = 0.99; carriers = 2pq = 2 x 0.99 x 0.01 = 0.0198, about 2 per cent. Reporting q itself (1 per cent) or the affected rate (0.01 per cent) are the usual slips, and 20 per cent misplaces the decimal in 0.0198.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Serous atrophy of fat, in which fat depots including those in the coronary groove and bone marrow become gelatinous and translucent, indicates:
B. Starvation or cachexia
When fat reserves are used up, adipocytes shrink and the tissue fills with a watery, gelatinous material. It is a reliable necropsy indicator of severe negative energy balance.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
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