National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians (NLEV) · Nepal · Nepal Veterinary Council (NVC Act 2055 BS)
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersPregnancy accidents, normal birth, dystocia and the operations that relieve it, and the complications of the post-partum period and the newborn.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 07; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (ARGO); Nepal NLEV Theriogenology 8
How our questions for National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians spread across the units of Veterinary Obstetrics. Difficulty: 25 easy, 15 medium, 0 hard.
| Normal parturition | 5 | |
| Abortion | 4 | |
| Foetal mummification | 3 | |
| Uterine torsion | 3 | |
| Maternal dystocia | 3 | |
| Foetal dystocia | 3 | |
| Obstetrical operations | 3 | |
| Caesarean section | 3 | |
| Uterine prolapse | 3 | |
| Post-partum complications | 3 | |
| Neonatal care | 3 | |
| Fetotomy | 2 | |
| Hydrops of the foetal membranes | 1 | |
| Retained placenta | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Which method corrects uterine torsion by turning the fetus per vaginam?
A. Rotation of the fetus through a partly open cervix, carrying the uterus with it
When the cervix is open enough to grasp the fetus, rocking and flipping it can untwist the uterus. The other procedures do not correct torsion.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Which hormone surge from the fetus initiates parturition in ruminants?
C. Fetal cortisol
Maturation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis produces a cortisol surge that switches placental steroid synthesis. Progesterone must fall, not rise, for birth to begin.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
In a transverse ventral presentation, what faces the pelvic inlet?
D. All four limbs of the fetus
In transverse presentations the fetus lies across the canal; ventral transverse presents the limbs, dorsal transverse presents the back. Version to a longitudinal presentation is required.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Which practical rule suggests vaginal delivery of a calf in anterior presentation is likely to succeed?
B. Head and forelimbs can be brought in and both fetlocks drawn past the vulva with moderate traction
If moderate traction advances the correctly disposed calf so the fetlocks clear the vulva, the pelvis is probably adequate. Life of the calf, parity and water bag rupture say nothing about fit.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
Fetotomy is generally performed on:
A. A dead fetus
Fetotomy divides a dead fetus so it can pass the birth canal. A live fetus normally calls for mutation, traction or caesarean section.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
In which species is fetotomy not used?
A. The bitch
The canine birth canal is too small for fetotomy instruments; dystocia is managed medically, by manipulation or by caesarean section. Fetotomy is used in cattle and buffalo and, sparingly, in the mare.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
What is the most common cause of colic in the newborn foal?
B. Meconium retention
Retained meconium shows as straining and tail swishing in the first day and usually responds to enemas. The other options are maternal conditions.
Further reading: Noakes, Parkinson & England, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
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