ASRB NET and ARS / SMS / STO (Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board) · India · Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersLesions organ system by organ system, plus the pathology of nutritional and production diseases.
In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF core group 06; ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Pathology)
How our questions for ASRB NET and ARS / SMS / STO spread across the units of Systemic Veterinary Pathology. Difficulty: 17 easy, 27 medium, 5 hard.
| Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract | 5 | |
| Pathology of the nervous system | 5 | |
| Nutritional pathology | 5 | |
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system | 4 | |
| Pathology of the liver | 4 | |
| Pathology of the urinary system | 4 | |
| Pathology of the musculoskeletal system | 4 | |
| Pathology of the reproductive system | 4 | |
| Pathology of the endocrine system | 4 | |
| Production pathology | 4 | |
| Pathology of the respiratory system | 3 | |
| Pathology of the skin | 3 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
The term 'nutmeg liver' describes which lesion?
A. Chronic passive congestion of the liver from right-sided heart failure
Right-sided failure raises central venous pressure, so centrilobular sinusoids stay congested (dark) while periportal tissue is pale or fatty, giving a nutmeg pattern on the cut surface. Lipidosis makes the whole liver uniformly yellow and greasy, not mottled in a lobular pattern.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
In cattle, bacterial valvular endocarditis most often involves which valve?
B. Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
In cattle the tricuspid valve is the classic site, often with Trueperella pyogenes, and septic emboli then go to the lungs. The mitral valve is the usual site in dogs and pigs, which is the common mix-up.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Coagulation necrosis bordered by streaming, oat-shaped leucocytes in a fibrinous bronchopneumonia of a recently transported steer is typical of:
D. Mannheimia haemolytica
Leukotoxin of Mannheimia haemolytica kills leucocytes, which become elongated 'oat cells' at the edge of necrotic foci in shipping fever. Mycoplasma bovis gives caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia; lungworm causes caudodorsal bronchitis; BRSV causes bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonia.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Wooden tongue in cattle is caused by:
C. Actinobacillus lignieresii
Actinobacillus lignieresii causes pyogranulomatous inflammation of soft tissue, notably the tongue. Actinomyces bovis causes lumpy jaw, an osteomyelitis of the mandible; the two are often confused.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Johne's disease in cattle is characterised microscopically by:
D. Granulomatous enteritis with sheets of epithelioid macrophages holding acid-fast bacilli
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis persists in macrophages, producing diffuse granulomatous enteritis and lymphangitis, most marked in the ileum. Crypt necrosis with inclusions points to parvovirus, and suppurative crypt abscesses occur in salmonellosis or swine dysentery.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Centrilobular hepatic necrosis is the usual pattern after toxic injury because zone 3 hepatocytes:
D. Have the lowest oxygen supply and the highest cytochrome P450 activity
Blood flows from portal areas to the central vein, so centrilobular cells get the least oxygen and they hold most P450 enzymes that activate toxins such as carbon tetrachloride. Toxins that act without metabolic activation hit periportal cells first, the opposite pattern.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Megalocytosis of hepatocytes with bile duct hyperplasia and portal fibrosis in a horse grazing weedy pasture most strongly suggests poisoning by:
B. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from plants such as Senecio
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are metabolised to pyrroles that cross-link DNA and stop hepatocytes dividing, so cells enlarge (megalocytes) as the liver fibroses. Fumonisin in horses mainly causes leukoencephalomalacia; aflatoxin can cause megalocytes in some species, but the weedy-pasture history and fibrosis fit pyrrolizidines.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Hansen type I intervertebral disc disease occurs typically in:
B. Chondrodystrophic breeds such as the dachshund
Type I is acute extrusion of a degenerated, often mineralised nucleus pulposus in chondrodystrophic breeds. Type II, a slow protrusion of the annulus, is typical of older non-chondrodystrophic dogs.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
The most common cause of spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism in dogs is:
A. A functional pituitary corticotroph adenoma or hyperplasia (pituitary-dependent)
About 80-85% of canine Cushing's syndrome is pituitary-dependent, with both adrenal cortices hyperplastic from ACTH excess. Adrenal tumours account for the rest; immune-mediated adrenalitis causes the opposite disease, hypoadrenocorticism.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
Ascites in fast-growing broiler chickens is primarily the result of:
C. Pulmonary hypertension causing right ventricular hypertrophy and right heart failure
High oxygen demand and relatively small lungs raise pulmonary arterial pressure; the right ventricle hypertrophies and fails, causing ascites and congested liver. Aflatoxin can cause liver disease but is not the usual cause of broiler ascites.
Further reading: Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th ed.
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