ICAR AIEEA (PG): Master's entrance, Veterinary Science and Animal Sciences · India · NTA for ICAR
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersX-ray physics and radiation safety, positioning and interpretation, contrast studies, ultrasonography (including reproductive), endoscopy and the basics of CT and MRI.
In the exams: ECFVG / NEB CPE radiographic positioning section; NAVLE items with images (about 15-20%); ICAR AIEEA-PG 13 (Surgery & Radiology)
ICAR AIEEA (PG) — Veterinary Science, Surgery & Radiology
One-line recall: X-ray tube parts and target material, kVp versus mAs, heel effect, inverse square law, grids, film processing chemicals, radiographic opacities, dose units and limits, contrast media and their contraindications, ultrasound frequencies and artefacts, and pregnancy diagnosis timings in cattle and mares.
How our questions for ICAR AIEEA spread across the units of Diagnostic Imaging: Radiology and Ultrasonography. Difficulty: 18 easy, 14 medium, 2 hard.
| X-ray physics | 8 | |
| Radiation safety | 5 | |
| Radiographic interpretation by body system | 4 | |
| Contrast studies | 4 | |
| Reproductive ultrasonography | 4 | |
| Radiographic positioning | 3 | |
| Ultrasonography | 3 | |
| CT and MRI basics | 2 | |
| Endoscopy | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Which exposure factor mainly controls the penetrating power (quality) of the X-ray beam and therefore radiographic contrast?
D. The kilovoltage peak (kVp) applied across the tube
kVp sets photon energy, so it controls penetration and contrast. mAs controls the number of photons (quantity, density); time is one component of mAs; focal spot size affects sharpness, not beam quality.
The line focus principle in X-ray tube design achieves which of the following?
A. A small effective focal spot while a larger actual area of target absorbs the heat
Angling the target makes the area struck by electrons long and narrow (good for heat) but, viewed from the patient, the effective spot is small (good for sharpness). The angled target actually causes the heel effect rather than removing it, and it does not change the characteristic/bremsstrahlung ratio.
A radiograph is made at 200 mA with an exposure time of 0.05 s. What is the mAs?
C. 10 mAs
mAs = mA × time in seconds = 200 × 0.05 = 10 mAs. 40 comes from dividing 200 by 5; 4 from 200 × 0.02; 100 from forgetting the decimal (200 × 0.5).
Using the 15% rule, a thorax exposure of 70 kVp and 20 mAs is changed to about 80 kVp to shorten the exposure. What mAs gives approximately the same film density?
B. 10 mAs
70 × 1.15 ≈ 80.5 kVp, so a 15% increase in kVp is roughly equivalent to doubling mAs. To keep density the same, halve mAs: 20 / 2 = 10 mAs. 40 mAs doubles instead of halving and would over-expose badly; 17 mAs cuts mAs by only 15% (20 / 1.15).
What is the SI unit of absorbed radiation dose?
A. The gray (Gy), equal to one joule per kilogram
Absorbed dose is measured in grays (1 Gy = 1 J/kg). The sievert is for equivalent and effective dose; the becquerel measures radioactivity; the roentgen is an old unit of exposure (ionisation in air), not absorbed dose.
The three basic physical methods of reducing occupational radiation exposure are:
B. Time, distance and shielding
Minimise time (and repeat exposures), maximise distance (inverse square law) and use shielding. Collimation and filtration also help, but the classic triad is time, distance and shielding.
Radiation-induced cancer is an example of which type of effect?
C. A stochastic effect: probability rises with dose and no safe threshold is assumed
Cancer and heritable effects are stochastic: the chance of the effect rises with dose, not its severity, and no threshold is assumed. Deterministic effects such as erythema and cataract have thresholds and their severity increases with dose.
Border effacement (the silhouette sign) occurs when:
B. Two structures of the same opacity are in contact
A border is only visible where opacities differ. When two soft-tissue or fluid structures touch, their shared border disappears, as when pleural fluid effaces the heart.
A double-contrast cystogram uses:
C. A small volume of positive contrast plus gas distension of the bladder
Double contrast combines a small amount of positive medium to coat the mucosa and gas to distend the lumen, showing mucosal lesions, filling defects and calculi well.
Ten here, 34 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to ICAR AIEEA in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
Free for ten days, then one subscription of US$10 a month. We would rather say so here than have you find it later.
An AI operating system for agriculture: free guides, manuals and tools written for every country.