ICAR AIEEA-PG: Dairy Science (group 16) and Dairy Technology (group 17) · India · NTA for ICAR
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersThe standards and laws that define dairy products and govern their production and trade in major jurisdictions.
In the exams: ICAR AICE subject 34 Unit 9 and subject 35b Unit 3; ICAR AIEEA-PG group 16 (PFA, BIS, Codex standards) and group 17; Indian state PSC Food Safety Officer and FSSAI posts
ICAR AIEEA-PG — Dairy Science (group 16) and Dairy Technology (group 17)
PFA, BIS, Codex and ISO standards as named in the syllabus: what each body is, the shift from PFA to the FSS Act, classes of milk and their basis, Agmark for ghee and butter, Codex dairy terms and the role of standards in trade. Expect direct recall MCQs on instruments, bodies and definitions.
How our questions for ICAR AIEEA-PG spread across the units of Dairy Standards & Law Worldwide. Difficulty: 10 easy, 5 medium, 0 hard.
| South Asia: India's FSS Act 2006 dairy standards and neighbouring systems | 7 | |
| Codex Alimentarius dairy standards and the General Standard for the Use of Dairy Terms | 5 | |
| USA: Grade A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance, NCIMS and standards of identity | 1 | |
| Residue limits: veterinary drugs, pesticides and contaminants | 1 | |
| Labelling law and the protection of dairy names | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Under the Codex General Standard for the Use of Dairy Terms, milk is defined as the normal mammary secretion of milking animals obtained:
A. From one or more milkings without addition or extraction
CXS 206-1999 defines milk as normal mammary secretion obtained from one or more milkings without either addition to it or extraction from it. It is not limited to cows, does not require standardisation and is defined before any heat treatment.
In Codex terminology, a product made by adding water to milk powder to restore the original water-solids ratio is called:
C. Reconstituted milk
Reconstitution adds water to the dried or concentrated form. Recombined milk combines milkfat and milk-solids-non-fat, with or without water. A composite milk product contains non-milk ingredients; toned milk is an Indian class made by adding skim milk or water and SMP to whole milk.
The Codex Code of Hygienic Practice for Milk and Milk Products is numbered:
C. CXC 57-2004
CXC 57-2004 applies the General Principles of Food Hygiene (CXC 1-1969) to milk from farm to consumer. CXS 206-1999 is the dairy terms standard and CXG 21-1997 the guideline on microbiological criteria.
Which Act consolidated India's food laws and repealed the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954?
D. The Food Safety and Standards Act 2006
The FSS Act 2006 repealed the PFA Act and several orders once its regulations came into force in 2011. The Essential Commodities Act was the parent of the old MMPO; the BIS Act governs standardisation; consumer protection law is separate.
Which body did Bangladesh's Food Safety Act 2013 create to coordinate food-safety regulation, including that of dairy products?
B. The Bangladesh Food Safety Authority
The 2013 Act created the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority. The Standards and Testing Institution existed before it and sets and certifies product standards; agricultural marketing and cooperative bodies have no general food-safety mandate.
Compositional standards for milk and dairy products in India are found in which FSSAI regulations?
C. Food Products Standards and Food Additives Regulations 2011
Dairy products and analogues form part of the food standards in the Food Products Standards and Food Additives Regulations. Residue and contaminant limits, licensing tiers and labelling each have their own regulations.
Under a rule that requires toned milk to contain at least 3.0% fat and 8.5% SNF, a sample tests 3.1% fat and 11.4% total solids. What is the verdict?
D. Fails, because SNF is 8.3%
SNF = total solids − fat = 11.4 − 3.1 = 8.3%, below the stated 8.5% minimum, so the sample fails. Fat at 3.1% meets its minimum. A rule that sets separate fat and SNF minima is not met by a high combined total.
Which group of tests in South Asian ghee standards is mainly used to detect adulteration with foreign fats?
C. Butyro-refractometer reading, Reichert-Meissl value and Polenske value
BR reading, RM value and Polenske value reflect the fatty acid profile of milkfat, so foreign fats shift them. The phosphatase and MBRT group are milk tests; moisture, FFA and peroxide value measure quality and rancidity rather than fat origin; COB and alcohol tests check heat stability of milk.
Aflatoxin M1 in milk mainly originates from:
A. Aflatoxin B1 in mouldy feed eaten by the cow
Cows hydroxylate dietary aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin M1, which is excreted in milk. Mould growth on ripening cheese is a separate issue, and pesticides and antibiotics are different residue classes.
Which Codex standard sets the general labelling requirements for prepackaged foods?
D. CXS 1-1985
CXS 1-1985 is the General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods. CXS 206 is the dairy terms standard, CXC 57 the dairy hygiene code and CXS 192 the food additives standard.
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