TNPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science (Degree Standard), Code 396 · India · Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersWater and air hygiene, waste and carcass disposal, disinfection, pollution and climate change as they affect animal and human health.
In the exams: NAVLE environmental health and safety 5%
How our questions for TNPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Code 396 spread across the units of Environment & Environmental Hygiene. Difficulty: 16 easy, 6 medium, 3 hard.
| Disinfection | 6 | |
| Water hygiene | 5 | |
| Waste management on livestock farms | 4 | |
| Biomedical waste | 4 | |
| Carcass disposal | 2 | |
| Environmental pollution | 2 | |
| Air hygiene | 1 | |
| Climate change and livestock | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
For efficient aerobic composting of manure, the starting carbon to nitrogen ratio should be about:
B. 25–30 : 1
A C:N of about 25–30:1 balances microbial energy (carbon) and protein (nitrogen) needs. Ratios as low as 5:1 lose nitrogen as ammonia; at 100:1 composting is slow because nitrogen limits microbial growth.
Further reading: On-farm composting handbooks (NRAES-54)
Biogas from anaerobic digestion of cattle dung consists mainly of:
B. Methane, about 50–70%, with most of the rest carbon dioxide
Biogas is typically 50–70% methane and 30–50% carbon dioxide, with traces of hydrogen sulphide and water vapour. Carbon monoxide is not a normal digestion product.
Further reading: FAO and national biogas manuals
Why should carcasses be moved as little as possible during an outbreak of a contagious disease?
C. Transport spreads the pathogen along the route and to other premises
Leaking fluids, flies and contaminated vehicles can spread infection along the route and at the destination; when carcasses must be moved, leak-proof covered vehicles and cleaned routes are used. Transport is restricted, not universally banned.
Further reading: WOAH Terrestrial Code, disposal of dead animals
Under India's Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, used hypodermic needles from a veterinary hospital go into:
B. White translucent puncture-proof container
Sharps, including needles and blades, go into white translucent puncture-proof containers. Red bags take contaminated recyclable plastics such as tubing and syringes without needles; yellow takes anatomical and soiled waste; blue takes glassware and metal implants.
Further reading: Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 (India)
Under India's Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, placental tissue from a caesarean section in a cow goes into:
A. A yellow bag, for incineration or approved alternative
Anatomical waste, including tissues, organs and placentas, is yellow-category waste sent for incineration, plasma pyrolysis or permitted deep burial. Red is for recyclable contaminated plastics and blue for glass; anatomical waste is never general waste.
Further reading: Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 (India)
Why is 70% ethanol a better disinfectant than absolute (100%) ethanol?
C. Water is needed for effective protein denaturation and penetration
Water assists protein denaturation and allows alcohol to penetrate cells; absolute alcohol dehydrates and coagulates surface proteins, which protects the organism. Neither strength kills bacterial spores.
Further reading: McDonnell, Antisepsis, Disinfection and Sterilization
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