ICAR AIEEA-PG (Master's admission and PG scholarship) · India · National Testing Agency for ICAR
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersThe laws an agribusiness manager meets most, from contracts and sale of goods to company, commodity, consumer and competition law, and the ethics of business.
In the exams: agricultural master's entrance examinations, principles of corporations (present)
How our questions for ICAR AIEEA-PG spread across the units of Agribusiness Law & Ethics. Difficulty: 27 easy, 54 medium, 15 hard.
| Contract law principles (with national contract acts as examples) | 16 | |
| Regulation of international business | 13 | |
| Legal systems: common law, civil law and mixed systems | 11 | |
| Sale of Goods Act 1930 | 10 | |
| Companies Act | 10 | |
| Business ethics | 9 | |
| Consumer Protection Act | 8 | |
| Negotiable Instruments Act | 6 | |
| Competition Act 2002 | 5 | |
| Regulation of agricultural trade and supply | 4 | |
| Right to Information Act | 4 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration 1992 states that lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures against serious or irreversible environmental damage. This is the:
B. precautionary principle
Principle 15 is the precautionary principle; the polluter pays principle is Principle 16. The public trust doctrine is a common-law idea applied by US courts since 1892 and by courts in several other countries.
In common-law contract theory, a contract is best defined as:
C. an agreement enforceable by law
A contract is an agreement enforceable by law; contract codes in the English tradition state it in those words. Writing is not an essential of a contract in general, and an intention to create legal relations is necessary but not sufficient.
The rule that damages for breach cover only loss arising naturally from the breach or which both parties contemplated as likely when contracting, followed across the common-law world and written into several codes, comes from:
B. Hadley v Baxendale (1854)
Hadley v Baxendale set the two-limb remoteness rule. Salomon and Turquand are company-law cases; Carlill concerns offer and acceptance.
The principle that a company is a legal person separate from its members was established in:
B. Salomon v A Salomon and Co Ltd (1897)
Salomon is the separate-personality case. Ashbury is the ultra vires case and Turquand the indoor management rule; Carlill is contract law.
In the United States, which law gives agricultural producers a limited exemption from antitrust law so that they can market their produce jointly through cooperatives?
C. The Capper-Volstead Act 1922
Capper-Volstead allows farmers to act together in cooperatives for processing and marketing. The Sherman Act is the general antitrust law the exemption qualifies; the Packers and Stockyards Act regulates livestock markets. EU market rules give recognised producer organisations similar room.
Fertiliser quality laws in many countries typically impose which requirement on sellers?
C. A declared nutrient content on the label, backed by sampling and penalties
Fertiliser laws (the EU Fertilising Products Regulation 2019/1009 and US state fertiliser laws, among others) require labelled nutrient content and allow sampling and penalties. They do not guarantee yields, ban imports or approve each farmer's dose.
An information law fines an officer 250 currency units for each day of unjustified delay, up to a maximum of 25,000. A commission finds a delay of 120 days without reasonable cause. What is the maximum penalty?
A. 25,000 currency units
120 x 250 = 30,000, which exceeds the cap, so the maximum is 25,000. 30,000 ignores the cap; 12,000 uses 100 a day; 250 is only the daily rate.
A government bans the export of a staple crop to control domestic prices. Such a ban is usually imposed under:
D. a national foreign-trade statute empowering it to restrict exports, within GATT Article XI limits
Export prohibitions are imposed under national foreign-trade laws; GATT Article XI:2(a) allows temporary bans to relieve critical food shortages, and Article 12 of the Agreement on Agriculture requires notice and consideration of importers' food security. Recent examples include wheat and rice bans in India, a palm oil ban in Indonesia and beef export limits in Argentina. Anti-dumping duties apply to imports.
Anti-dumping duties on imports are governed internationally by:
B. GATT Article VI and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, applied through national trade-remedy law
WTO rules set the conditions (dumping, injury, causation) and each member levies duties under its own law, for example the EU's basic anti-dumping regulation. Predatory pricing inside a market is a competition matter, a different law.
TRIPS Article 27.3(b) allows WTO members to exclude plants and animals from patentability but requires them to protect plant varieties by:
C. patents, an effective sui generis system, or a combination of the two
Article 27.3(b) leaves the choice to members; UPOV is one sui generis model but not mandatory. Several countries chose their own laws instead, for example India (2001) and Malaysia (2004), while about 80 members belong to UPOV.
Ten here, 96 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to ICAR AIEEA-PG in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
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