ICAR AIEEA-PG (Master's admission and PG scholarship) · India · National Testing Agency for ICAR
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersFarmer-owned businesses: cooperative principles and history, how cooperatives and producer companies are governed and managed, and the public programmes that promote producer organisations.
In the exams: agricultural master's entrance examinations, cooperation (heavy); agricultural economics PhD entrance and fellowship examinations (heavy); agribusiness management PhD entrance and fellowship examinations, producer organisations (present); agricultural development bank officer recruitment (heavy)
How our questions for ICAR AIEEA-PG spread across the units of Cooperatives & Farmer Producer Organisations. Difficulty: 20 easy, 32 medium, 0 hard.
| Principles of cooperation | 9 | |
| Credit and non-credit cooperatives | 7 | |
| The cooperative movement and the state | 6 | |
| National cooperative federations | 5 | |
| Formation of producer organisations and producer companies | 5 | |
| Collective farming | 5 | |
| Board and professional management of cooperatives | 4 | |
| Governance of producer organisations | 4 | |
| Revitalisation and reform of cooperatives | 3 | |
| Single-window input supply and output marketing | 3 | |
| Public programmes to promote producer organisations: membership, management cost support, equity grants and credit guarantees | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers, founded in 1844, was primarily a:
D. Consumer cooperative store
The 28 Rochdale pioneers opened a consumer store in Toad Lane and paid a dividend on purchases. Rural credit cooperation came from Raiffeisen in Germany; the pioneers were weavers by trade, which makes the textile-production option tempting, but their society was a store.
Brazil's 1988 Constitution says that creating a cooperative needs no government authorisation and that the state may not interfere in its functioning. Which ICA principle does this most directly protect?
B. Autonomy and independence
Freedom from state authorisation and interference is the core of the fourth principle, autonomy and independence. Economic participation concerns capital and surplus, open membership concerns who may join, and concern for community concerns sustainable development.
Early Danish cooperative dairies (from 1882) gave each member one vote regardless of herd size and required members to deliver all their milk. What was the main purpose of the delivery obligation?
A. To guarantee the volume needed to finance and run the plant
Binding delivery contracts secured supply so the dairy could borrow and invest in processing. Votes stayed equal regardless of herd size, and the obligation had nothing to do with household milk or state ownership.
In a cooperative society, the supreme authority is:
C. The general body
The general body adopts bye-laws, elects the board, approves accounts and decides surplus distribution. The board is elected by and accountable to it; the Registrar is a regulator, not an organ of the society. The general body is the assembly of all members.
The 'officialisation' of cooperatives, as the term is used in the reform literature on South Asia and Africa, refers to:
A. Growing control of cooperatives by government nominees and officials after state partnership
State partnership in share capital brought officials and nominees onto boards and increased Registrar powers, undermining autonomy. That is the sense of officialisation in the reform literature.
Some countries have passed a 'parallel' liberal cooperative law beside the old one, so that certain societies can be largely self-regulating. What is the main condition for using it?
B. The society gives up government equity and its controls
The trade is autonomy for self-reliance: societies that take no state equity escape the registrar's control over boards and business. The mutually aided cooperative laws passed in parts of South Asia from 1995 are the best-known example. No merger, conversion or landholding rule is involved.
The main advantage of pooling for members is that it:
C. Spreads price risk so each member gets the season's average net price for his grade
Pooling averages prices over the season across members. It usually delays final payment (hence advances), does not remove costs, and takes the timing decision from the individual member.
Several countries have created hybrid legal forms for farmer businesses. Which description fits a producer company?
C. A company owned only by producers, with limited return on capital and patronage bonus
The producer company, introduced in Indian company law in 2002, keeps cooperative features (producer-only membership, democratic voting, limited return on capital, patronage bonus) inside company law. Its shares cannot be listed, and it is neither a state body nor a cooperative society with unlimited liability.
Why do cooperative and producer-organisation laws often set both a minimum and a maximum board size?
D. A minimum ensures oversight; a maximum keeps it workable
Too few directors concentrates power; too many makes decisions slow and diffuse. Ranges from a handful to about twenty are common (one producer company law sets five to fifteen). Seat allocation by village or capital, or filling by government, is not the reason.
In a cooperative collective farming society, the surplus is distributed mainly in proportion to:
C. Labour contributed
In collective farming the society holds the land and members are paid by labour; surplus follows wages. Return on land contributed marks joint farming.
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