ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF Human Nutrition & Dairy in the Diet: practice questions

1 · Macronutrients and energy requirements · hard

Which term describes stunted children and obese adults living in the same communities or households?

1. Hidden hunger
2. The nutrition transition reversal
3. Protein–energy balance
4. The double burden of malnutrition

2 · Recommended dietary allowances · hard

In European terminology, the value corresponding to the RDA is called the:

1. Average requirement (AR)
2. Adequate intake (AI)
3. Population reference intake (PRI)
4. Lowest threshold intake (LTI)

3 · Protein quality: biological value, PER and DIAAS · hard

A skim milk powder stored warm for a year still shows normal total lysine after acid hydrolysis, but a rat growth test shows lower protein quality. The explanation is:

1. Acid hydrolysis destroys all lysine, so the analysis must be wrong
2. Rats cannot digest milk protein after storage because of lactose crystals
3. Storage converts lysine into leucine, which the analysis counts as lysine
4. Acid hydrolysis frees Maillard-bound lysine that the body cannot use

4 · Milk and dairy in infant, child, adult and elderly diets · hard

A population switches from cow milk to unfortified plant-based drinks. Which nutrient intake is most likely to fall in countries where milk is a main dietary source of it?

1. Iodine
2. Vitamin C
3. Dietary fibre
4. Vitamin K

5 · Lactose intolerance and its management · hard

Live yoghurt is tolerated better than milk of similar lactose content by lactose maldigesters mainly because:

1. Yoghurt lactose is a different isomer that humans absorb directly
2. Yoghurt contains no lactose at all after fermentation
3. Yoghurt stimulates the gut to produce more lactase permanently
4. Yoghurt bacteria digest lactose in the gut

6 · Lactose intolerance and its management · hard

A child develops temporary milk intolerance after a bout of rotavirus gastroenteritis. This is best classified as:

1. Primary lactase non-persistence
2. Congenital lactase deficiency
3. Secondary lactase deficiency
4. IgE-mediated milk allergy

7 · Dairy fat and cardiovascular health: the evidence and its limits · hard

A Cochrane review found that reducing saturated fat lowered cardiovascular events. The benefit was greatest when saturated fat was replaced by:

1. Refined carbohydrate
2. Polyunsaturated fat
3. Trans fat
4. Protein from processed meat

8 · Dairy fat and cardiovascular health: the evidence and its limits · hard

WHO guidance recommends limiting saturated fat intake to:

1. Less than 30% of total energy
2. Less than 1% of total energy
3. Less than 50 g per meal
4. Less than 10% of total energy

9 · Malnutrition, school milk and fortification programmes · hard

Mandatory fortification levels for milk are set by balancing:

1. The cost of the premix against the retail price of milk only
2. The colour change of milk against its viscosity
3. Export demand against import tariffs
4. Benefit to low consumers versus excess in high consumers

10 · Malnutrition, school milk and fortification programmes · hard

Programmes that give dairy animals to poor households do not always improve child nutrition because:

1. Milk from household animals contains no protein
2. Children cannot digest milk from local breeds
3. Milk gets sold rather than fed to children, and women bear the work
4. Dairy animals always reduce household income because of feed costs