ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF (PhD): Dairy Chemistry, Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Technology, Dairy Engineering · India · NTA for ICAR
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersProbiotic organisms, prebiotics, bioactive components and the evidence and regulation behind health claims for dairy foods.
In the exams: ICAR AICE subject 36 Unit 5 and subject 37 Unit 6; ICAR AIEEA-PG group 16 (application of the probiotic concept)
ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF (PhD) — Dairy Microbiology (subject 36, Unit 5) and Dairy Technology (subject 37, Unit 6)
Probiotic definitions and organisms, selection and safety criteria, mechanisms, survival and encapsulation, prebiotics and synbiotics, bioactive peptides, exopolysaccharides, functional food development, evidence and health claim regulation.
How our questions for ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF spread across the units of Probiotics, Prebiotics & Functional Dairy Foods. Difficulty: 18 easy, 40 medium, 22 hard.
| Probiotic genera: Lactobacillus (current genera), Bifidobacterium and others | 10 | |
| Survival in products and the gut; microencapsulation | 10 | |
| Prebiotics: galacto-oligosaccharides, inulin and human milk oligosaccharides | 9 | |
| Evidence standards for health benefits | 9 | |
| Regulation of probiotics and health claims worldwide | 8 | |
| Selection criteria and safety assessment of probiotic strains | 7 | |
| Mechanisms of probiotic action | 7 | |
| Bioactive peptides from milk proteins | 7 | |
| Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria | 7 | |
| Definitions: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics | 6 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
Why are postbiotics attractive to manufacturers?
D. No viability problem
Viability during storage is not a concern, though characterisation and evidence are still required.
Further reading: Tamime (ed.), Probiotic Dairy Products
The spore-forming probiotic formerly called Bacillus coagulans is now named:
D. Heyndrickxia coagulans
Spores help survival in processed foods.
Further reading: Tamime (ed.), Probiotic Dairy Products
Akkermansia muciniphila in pasteurised form has been authorised in the EU as:
A. A novel food
Next-generation probiotics lack a history of safe use and need novel food or drug approval.
Further reading: Hill et al., ISAPP consensus statement on probiotics (2014)
How do live yoghurt cultures help people with lactose maldigestion?
A. They supply beta-galactosidase
The bacterial enzyme digests lactose in the gut.
Further reading: Hill et al., ISAPP consensus statement on probiotics (2014)
Which standard describes counting bifidobacteria in milk products?
C. ISO 29981 (IDF 220)
TOS propionate agar with mupirocin, anaerobic incubation.
Further reading: Hill et al., ISAPP consensus statement on probiotics (2014)
How are 2'-FL and LNnT for infant formula produced commercially?
A. By fermentation with engineered microorganisms
Individual HMOs are made at scale by microbial fermentation.
Further reading: Hill et al., ISAPP consensus statement on probiotics (2014)
In lactococci, EPS genes are often located on:
D. Plasmids
Plasmid loss can lead to loss of EPS production.
Further reading: Tamime (ed.), Probiotic Dairy Products
Why is the word probiotic generally not allowed on food labels in most EU member states?
A. It is treated as an implied health claim
Without an authorised claim, it cannot be used in most states.
Further reading: Hill et al., ISAPP consensus statement on probiotics (2014)
Japan's first regulatory system for functional foods, introduced in 1991, is:
C. FOSHU
Foods for Specified Health Uses are individually approved.
Further reading: Hill et al., ISAPP consensus statement on probiotics (2014)
Which labelling information is commonly expected for probiotic products?
C. Strain identity and viable count at end of shelf life
Strain, count, storage and intake are standard expectations.
Further reading: Hill et al., ISAPP consensus statement on probiotics (2014)
Ten here, 80 in the app. The Laisha app has every practice question we have written to ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF in this subject, marked as you go, with timed papers, a jump-to-unanswered list and a certificate when you pass at 70 per cent.
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