ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF (PhD) — Food Processing Technology, Food Safety & Quality, Processing and Food Engineering · India · ICAR through the National Testing Agency
Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papersHow food is governed around the world: Codex Alimentarius and the WTO SPS and TBT agreements, and the food laws of the major jurisdictions — India's Food Safety and Standards Act and regulations, the US FD&C Act and FSMA, the EU General Food Law, and others — covering standards, additives, labelling, claims, novel foods, imports and exports.
In the exams: GATE XE-G Section 3 (FPO, PFA, AGMARK, ISI); ICAR AIEEA-PG Code 18 Unit I (national and international food standards); ICAR AICE 35.a Unit 4 and 35.b Unit 3; core of FSSAI and state Food Safety Officer syllabi
ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF (PhD) — Food Processing Technology, Food Safety & Quality, Processing and Food Engineering
35.a Unit 4 and 35.b Unit 3: general principles of food law, Codex procedures, SPS and TBT, comparative food law (EU, US, India), claims, novel and GM food regulation, sampling under food law.
How our questions for ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF spread across the units of Food Law, Standards & Regulatory Affairs Worldwide. Difficulty: 0 easy, 13 medium, 18 hard.
| Other systems: China, Japan, Australia-New Zealand, Brazil and the African Union | 5 | |
| Principles of food law and the role of science | 3 | |
| Codex Alimentarius: structure, standards and procedures | 3 | |
| WTO SPS and TBT agreements and international harmonisation | 3 | |
| Nutrition and health claims | 3 | |
| Novel foods and GM food regulation | 3 | |
| USA: FD&C Act, FDA, USDA-FSIS and FSMA | 2 | |
| European Union: General Food Law Regulation (EC) 178/2002 and EFSA | 2 | |
| Food labelling: mandatory particulars, nutrition labelling and front-of-pack schemes | 2 | |
| Import and export controls and certification | 2 | |
| Licensing and registration of food businesses | 1 | |
| Food standards: product standards, additives and contaminants limits | 1 | |
| Organic, halal, kosher and other certification standards | 1 |
Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.
In the normal Codex procedure for elaborating standards, how many steps are there?
C. Eight
The normal procedure has eight steps, with adoption as a draft at step 5 and final adoption at step 8; the accelerated procedure omits steps.
Further reading: Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual
A country sets a mycotoxin limit stricter than the Codex standard. Under the SPS Agreement it must:
B. Justify it with science and a risk assessment
Members may choose a higher level of protection if it is based on science and risk assessment and applied consistently.
Further reading: WTO SPS and TBT Agreements
Why do licence turnover thresholds in this manual appear without numbers?
C. They change by amendment, so the current text must be read
Thresholds change through amendment; a professional cites the instrument and reads the current version.
Further reading: FSS (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) Regulations, 2011
Which US agency sets tolerances for pesticide residues in food?
D. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA sets tolerances; FDA and FSIS enforce them in the foods they regulate.
Further reading: FD&C Act; FDA Food Safety Modernization Act
In China, mandatory national food safety standards are known as:
C. GB standards
GB (guojia biaozhun) standards are published by the National Health Commission and other bodies.
Further reading: National food laws of China, Japan, Australia-New Zealand and Brazil
Nutri-Score, introduced in France in 2017, is an example of:
A. An interpretive summary front-of-pack score
Nutri-Score grades products from A to E; warning labels such as Chile's octagons are a different type.
Further reading: Codex CXS 1-1985 and CXG 2-1985; FSS (Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020; Regulation (EU) 1169/2011
In the EU, general function health claims authorised after EFSA assessment are listed under which article of Regulation 1924/2006?
B. Article 13
Article 13 covers general function claims; Article 14 disease risk reduction and children's health claims.
Further reading: Codex CXG 23-1997; Regulation (EC) 1924/2006; FSS (Advertising and Claims) Regulations, 2018
In the United States, a claim that a nutrient supports normal body structure or function, made without pre-approval, is a:
C. Structure/function claim
Structure/function claims need no pre-approval but must be truthful; supplements must carry a disclaimer.
Further reading: Codex CXG 23-1997; Regulation (EC) 1924/2006; FSS (Advertising and Claims) Regulations, 2018
Why have many probiotic health claims been rejected in the European Union?
B. EFSA found cause and effect not established
EFSA found insufficient characterisation or evidence of benefit in most applications.
Further reading: Codex CXG 23-1997; Regulation (EC) 1924/2006; FSS (Advertising and Claims) Regulations, 2018
Which country first approved cell-cultivated meat for sale, in 2020?
C. Singapore
Singapore approved cultivated chicken in 2020; the US followed later with FDA and USDA oversight.
Further reading: Regulation (EU) 2015/2283; Codex CAC/GL 44-2003; FSS Act s. 22
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