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ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF Forest Fire Science & Management: practice questions

ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF (PhD) — Subject 59 Forestry · India · National Testing Agency for ICAR

Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papers
10worked here, free
42written to this exam in this subject
12syllabus units

What this subject covers

How forest fires start and spread, their ecological roles and impacts, and how fire is prevented, detected, suppressed and used deliberately.

In the exams: ICAR AICE-JRF 59 Unit 8 (forest fires: causes, types, impacts, control); IFoS Forestry Paper II Section B (forest protection); NWCG qualifications (USA)

What ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF asks from it

ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF (PhD) — Forestry, Unit 8

MCQs on causes, types, impacts and control measures of forest fires.

Where the 42 questions fall

How our questions for ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF spread across the units of Forest Fire Science & Management. Difficulty: 1 easy, 13 medium, 28 hard.

Fire behaviour: rate of spread, intensity, flame length6
Types of fire: ground, surface, crown4
Fire ecology and fire-adapted ecosystems4
Suppression methods and organisation (Incident Command System)4
Fire triangle and combustion3
Fuels: types, loads and moisture3
Fire weather and fire danger rating3
Fire prevention and fire lines3
Detection: lookouts, satellites, early warning3
Prescribed burning and controlled burning3
Post-fire assessment and rehabilitation3
Community-based fire management3

10 practice questions, worked

Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.

1 · Fire triangle and combustion · medium

During the preheating phase of combustion, fuel ahead of the fire:

  1. Burns with tall visible flames and maximum heat release
  2. It dries and releases flammable gases by pyrolysis
  3. Smoulders without flame for many days
  4. Turns into ash with no gases produced
Answer and working

B. It dries and releases flammable gases by pyrolysis

Pyrolysis gases then ignite in the flaming phase.

2 · Fire behaviour: rate of spread, intensity, flame length · medium

Rothermel's 1972 model predicts:

  1. Lightning frequency over a fire season
  2. Crown scorch after fire
  3. Rate of spread of surface fires
  4. Smoke dispersion
Answer and working

C. Rate of spread of surface fires

It uses fuel model, moisture, wind and slope.

3 · Fire weather and fire danger rating · hard

Which Indian institution operates a satellite-based forest fire alert system?

  1. The National Biodiversity Authority
  2. The Forest Survey of India
  3. The Wildlife Institute of India
  4. The Botanical Survey of India
Answer and working

B. The Forest Survey of India

FSI overlays satellite detections on forest boundaries and sends alerts.

4 · Fire ecology and fire-adapted ecosystems · medium

Many eucalypts recover after fire by:

  1. Producing seed only after reaching 100 years of age
  2. Shedding all bark before fire
  3. Resprouting from epicormic buds and lignotubers
  4. Dying and regenerating only by root suckers
Answer and working

C. Resprouting from epicormic buds and lignotubers

Protected buds under bark and in lignotubers allow rapid recovery.

5 · Fire prevention and fire lines · medium

A fuel break differs from a fire line cleared to mineral soil in that a fuel break:

  1. It thins vegetation instead of clearing it
  2. Is always wider than 1 km
  3. Is made of concrete
  4. Is burned every day
Answer and working

A. It thins vegetation instead of clearing it

Fuel breaks reduce fuel while limiting erosion.

6 · Detection: lookouts, satellites, early warning · hard

Why is early detection the most important factor in limiting fire size and cost?

  1. Late detection always lets fires burn out by themselves
  2. Small new fires need few resources
  3. Satellites can extinguish fires remotely by laser
  4. Detection reduces the heat yield of the fuel
Answer and working

B. Small new fires need few resources

Fire area grows rapidly with time; initial attack success depends on speed.

7 · Detection: lookouts, satellites, early warning · hard

Automated tower cameras for fire detection work by:

  1. Measuring changes in air pressure near fires
  2. Listening for crackling sounds
  3. Software detecting smoke in images
  4. Counting birds leaving the area
Answer and working

C. Software detecting smoke in images

They cover large areas without permanent staff.

8 · Prescribed burning and controlled burning · medium

A prescription in a burn plan specifies:

  1. Acceptable ranges of weather and fuel conditions
  2. The timber price expected after the burn
  3. The number of trees to fell
  4. The location of the nearest sawmill
Answer and working

A. Acceptable ranges of weather and fuel conditions

Burning proceeds only within these conditions.

9 · Prescribed burning and controlled burning · hard

Burning windows are becoming fewer in some regions mainly because:

  1. Fuel loads are falling everywhere
  2. Burn plans are no longer used
  3. Climate is pushing conditions outside prescription
  4. Fires no longer burn in winter
Answer and working

C. Climate is pushing conditions outside prescription

Hotter, drier conditions reduce days within prescription.

10 · Community-based fire management · hard

Why do fire bans imposed without addressing livelihoods often fail?

  1. Bans increase rainfall and so make burning unnecessary
  2. Fire use is part of livelihoods
  3. Bans make fuels wetter across the whole landscape
  4. People always obey bans without any enforcement
Answer and working

B. Fire use is part of livelihoods

Making legitimate fire use safer is more effective than prohibition alone.

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Read the subject

Forest Fire Science & ManagementThe full study manual, free ICAR AICE-JRF/SRFFormat, sections and how it has changed

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Forest Fire Science & Management for other exams

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