ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF Forest Operations, Harvesting & Forest Engineering: practice questions

1 · Harvest planning and layout · medium

Why should skid trails be planned before harvest rather than chosen by operators as they go?

1. Operators always choose the shortest and best routes on their own
2. Planned trails increase residual stand damage
3. It cuts soil damage and cost
4. Trail planning is required only for helicopter logging

2 · Felling: manual, motor-manual and mechanised; directional felling · medium

A commonly taught hinge thickness is about:

1. Half of the stump diameter
2. One-hundredth of the stump diameter
3. Equal to the full stump diameter
4. One-tenth of the stump diameter

3 · Felling: manual, motor-manual and mechanised; directional felling · hard

A 'barber chair' in felling is:

1. A seat used by chainsaw operators
2. A stump cut exactly at ground level
3. A type of notch
4. A vertical split of a leaning tree

4 · Extraction: skidding, forwarding, cable logging, animal and aerial extraction · medium

In a skyline system, logs are carried by:

1. A carriage running on a cable
2. A truck running on a parallel forest road
3. A forwarder bunk
4. An elephant harness

5 · Harvesting systems: cut-to-length and whole-tree · medium

A soil benefit of cut-to-length harvesting is that:

1. All branches are removed from the site for burning
2. No machines enter the stand
3. Logs are dragged on bare soil
4. Branches form brush mats on machine trails

6 · Harvesting systems: cut-to-length and whole-tree · hard

Whole-tree systems can supply energy markets because they:

1. Residues pile up at the landing
2. They leave all residues spread in the stand
3. They burn residues at each stump
4. They produce no residues at all

7 · Forest road planning, location and grades · medium

With parallel roads 400 m apart and logs extracted to both sides, the average extraction distance is about:

1. 400 m
2. 200 m
3. 50 m
4. 100 m

8 · Forest road planning, location and grades · hard

Very flat road grades (below about 2%) are a problem mainly because they:

1. Are too steep for trucks
2. Drain poorly
3. Cause brake failure
4. Increase fuel use downhill

9 · Road construction, drainage and maintenance · hard

Full-bench road construction on steep slopes means:

1. Placing all material as fill on the downhill side
2. Building the road on piles over the slope
3. Paving the surface with concrete slabs
4. Cutting the full width into the slope

10 · Ergonomics and occupational safety in forest work · hard

Emergency plans for remote forest sites must include:

1. Only a list of tree species in the area
2. Only timber prices
3. Only road maps for trucks
4. Evacuation of injured workers and communication