ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF Dairy Extension, Entrepreneurship & Village Milk Systems: practice questions

1 · Adoption and diffusion of dairy innovations · medium

Which is the correct order of Rogers' innovation-decision stages?

1. Decision, knowledge, confirmation, persuasion, implementation
2. Trial, awareness, interest, evaluation, adoption
3. Implementation, decision, persuasion, knowledge, confirmation
4. Knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, confirmation

2 · Adoption and diffusion of dairy innovations · medium

Farmers adopt a mineral mixture quickly after seeing neighbours' cows yield more. Which attribute of the innovation is at work?

1. Complexity, which slows adoption of most innovations
2. Incompatibility with farmers' existing values
3. Observability
4. High cost compared with farm income

3 · Training milk producers in clean milk production · hard

A clean milk training programme trains only household heads who attend cooperative meetings. Why might milk quality barely improve?

1. Men cannot learn hygiene practices from demonstrations
2. Women who do the milking are not reached
3. Training always lowers milk quality at first
4. Cooperatives cannot measure milk quality

4 · Women in dairying · medium

In many smallholder dairy systems, which tasks are commonly done by women?

1. Only selling animals at distant markets
2. Only attending cooperative board meetings
3. None; women rarely work with dairy animals
4. Feeding, milking, calf care and processing

5 · Women in dairying · medium

As dairying commercialises, a common effect on women is:

1. Women automatically gain control of all dairy income
2. Women's workload always falls to zero
3. Household milk consumption always rises
4. Control of income shifts toward men

6 · Entrepreneurship and business planning · hard

A chilling unit costs 100,000 currency units and yields net cash flows of 30,000 a year for 5 years. At a 10% discount rate, its NPV is about:

1. 50,000
2. 113,724
3. 36,364
4. 13,724

7 · Digital extension and advisory services · medium

Interactive voice response advisory services are especially suitable for farmers who:

1. Use only smartphones with fast data
2. Have limited literacy
3. Live next to a research station
4. Never use telephones

8 · Digital extension and advisory services · medium

A common reason digital extension projects end after donor funding stops is:

1. Farmers own too many phones
2. No sustainable business model
3. Messages are too accurate
4. Networks become too fast

9 · Digital extension and advisory services · hard

Messaging-app groups of farmers can spread knowledge quickly but carry the risk of:

1. Reducing milk yields directly
2. Breaking mobile networks
3. Spreading misinformation without moderation
4. Preventing farmers from selling milk

10 · Monitoring and evaluating dairy projects · medium

Routine milk collection records are especially valuable for M&E because they:

1. They cover all farmers in the country
2. Measure household income directly
3. They record every delivery over time
4. Replace all surveys