ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF Dairy Industry & Milk Production Systems: practice questions

1 · Smallholder, pasture-based and confinement dairy systems · medium

What is the main consequence for processors of seasonal calving in a pasture-based milk shed?

1. Plants sized for the spring peak run below capacity for part of the year
2. Plants make only fresh liquid milk all year, which keeps processing simple and cheap
3. Plants need no storage capacity because supply is level
4. Plants must import milk every spring to meet a peak in demand

2 · Dairy cooperatives: models from Europe, Oceania, the Americas, Africa and Asia · hard

Which problem do many large dairy cooperatives face that investor-owned processors face less?

1. Setting a product price, because cooperatives may not sell to retailers
2. Raising capital, because members prefer payments to retained earnings
3. Securing milk supply, because members may not deliver any milk
4. Meeting hygiene law, because cooperatives are exempt from inspection

3 · Dairy cooperatives: models from Europe, Oceania, the Americas, Africa and Asia · hard

Which statement best reflects evaluations of Operation Flood?

1. Widely credited, though studies differ on its causal share and equity
2. Universally judged a failure that reduced milk output in every state
3. Universally agreed to have caused all of the growth in milk output since 1970
4. Never evaluated because its records were confidential

4 · Clean milk production on the farm · hard

Raw milk at 10,000 cfu/mL is held uncooled for 2 hours, during which the bacteria double every 30 minutes. What count is expected?

1. 20,000 cfu/mL
2. 40,000 cfu/mL
3. 160,000 cfu/mL
4. 80,000 cfu/mL

5 · Raw milk transport and chilling · medium

A chilling centre cools 2,000 L of milk (density 1.032 kg/L, specific heat 3.9 kJ/kg K) from 35 °C to 4 °C. How much heat is removed?

1. About 282 MJ
2. About 250 MJ
3. About 242 MJ
4. About 267 MJ

6 · International dairy trade: commodities, prices and the Global Dairy Trade auction · hard

Which WTO decision required the elimination of agricultural export subsidies, including those used for dairy surpluses?

1. The 2015 ministerial decision on export competition
2. The 1963 founding resolution of Codex
3. The 1984 decision introducing milk quotas
4. The 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

7 · International bodies: IDF, Codex Alimentarius, FAO, ISO TC 34/SC 5 · hard

Codex standards are voluntary. Why do they still carry weight in dairy trade?

1. WTO agreements treat measures based on them as compliant, making them the trade reference
2. Codex standards are national law in every member country automatically
3. Codex fines member countries that do not adopt its standards within a year of publication
4. Importing countries may not set any standard of their own