ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF Forest Certification & Sustainable Forest Management: practice questions

1 · Criteria and indicators processes (Montréal, ITTO, Forest Europe) · easy

A measurable variable that shows trends towards SFM when observed periodically is a:

1. Criterion
2. Principle
3. Indicator
4. Certificate

2 · Criteria and indicators processes (Montréal, ITTO, Forest Europe) · easy

The first set of criteria and indicators for tropical forests was published in 1992 by:

1. FSC
2. ITTO
3. PEFC
4. Forest Europe

3 · Criteria and indicators processes (Montréal, ITTO, Forest Europe) · hard

A key limitation of national C&I reporting is that it:

1. Requires no data at all
2. Is distant from field practice
3. Sets global price premiums
4. Replaces forest law entirely

4 · Group and smallholder certification · easy

A main barrier to certification for smallholders is:

1. Excess market premiums
2. Too few standards
3. Mandatory free audits
4. High fixed audit costs

5 · Group and smallholder certification · hard

Using a square-root rule, a group of 400 members has how many members visited by the external auditor?

1. 40
2. 200
3. 20
4. 4

6 · Impacts and limits of certification · easy

Most certified forest area is located in:

1. Tropical Africa
2. Europe and North America
3. South and South-east Asia
4. Oceania islands

7 · Impacts and limits of certification · medium

Evaluating certification impact is difficult mainly because of:

1. Too much data
2. Selection bias
3. Free audits
4. Uniform forests

8 · Impacts and limits of certification · hard

Burivalova and colleagues (2017) found that certification of tropical timber operations:

1. Better practices, little biodiversity data
2. Always eliminated deforestation
3. Had no effect on any measured variable
4. Doubled timber prices

9 · Impacts and limits of certification · hard

Certification works best when combined with:

1. Removal of all forest laws
2. Exclusion of smallholders
3. Legality laws and rights
4. Secret audit reports